Developmental Milestones Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the latest age that a child should be walking independently?

A

at 18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some key questions you should ask to assess a child’s development in terms of the social domain?

A

Can they wave bye-bye, recognise parents?
What do they enjoy doing?
Do they undertake any imaginative play?
How do they interact with friends, siblings?
How do they approach/deal with strangers?
Are they toilet trained?
Any obsessional/repetitive behaviours?
Parallel play or social play with others?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what typical milestones are there for a 6, 9, 12 month old child in terms of language and communication?

A

6months- responds to name

9months- can usually say ‘mama’ and ‘papa’

12months- understands simple commands and can say 2-3 words with meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 18 month old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Sir Charming Baby: needs to get note to Rapunzel so scribbles note on paper to throw into high 4 block tower, catapult has cup on end, shoves note in with spoon, and throws note at tower, hitting Rapunzel in the face

18 months: Throw, scribble, 4 block tower, 1 step command, uses spoon/cup, points to parts of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 9month old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Watch Dog Baby: crawls to window, pulls to stand to see out, points at stranger in yard and says “mama” to get attention of parents.

9 months: Crawl, pull to stand, point, specific babbling (mama, dada), stranger anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

at what age would we expect a child to be dry by day?

A

2-3 yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the general goals that a baby should achieve by 1 year?

A

gross motor- walking
language- one word with meaning
fine motor- neat pincer grip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is an indicator of gross motor delay in a 6 month old?

A

persistent moro reflex

head lag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

at what age would we expect a child to begin running?

A

24 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How might we assess whether a 6, 9, 12 month old child has reached their developmental milestone in terms of gross motor function?

A

6months: Sitting with support
9months: Sitting without support; crawling

12 months: Walking with assistance (1 hand holding onto something); can go from lying to sitting position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 4month old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Fat Happy Baby: baby is rolling and laughing and cooing because he just discovered midline and is reaching for cake that he will cram into his mouth

4 months: lift head 90 degrees/raise up to chest, roll over, find midline, reach for objects, puts objects in mouth, coos (these are vowel sounds), and laughs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is a preference for a certain hand in a child less than 1 yrs old cause of concern?

A

may indicate an underlying motor issue or hemiplegia.

preference for handedness develops from 1-2 yrs or later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when should the infant begin to fix and follow with their eyes?

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some causes of gross motor developmental delay? And what Ix do you order?

A

central motor deficit= cerebral palsy

myopathy e.g. duchenne’s

spinal problem e.g. spina bifida

part of a wider syndrome

thyroid deficiency

FBE/UEC/TSH/B12/Folate
+/- Microarray/chromosomal analysis (if dysmorphic features)
+/- MRI brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the general milestones from birth to 1 yr in terms of gross motor?

A
2 months- lift head to 45 degrees
4 months- roll over
6 months- sit
9 months- crawl
12 months- begin to walk with assistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

at what age should a child begin to use a spoon to feed themselves safely?

A

18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some characteristics of chronic heart failure in an infant?

A

flushed in the face with feeds
failure to thrive
poor feeding
sweating with feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When should a child be able to stack 2 cubes

A

15 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are some key questions you should ask to assess a child’s development in terms of the language domain?

A

What was their first word, and when was it?

How many words do they know?

Do they indicate their hand preference?

Are they able to follow any instructions?
-Differentiate between one step commands and 2 step commands

Do they know the alphabet?

21
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 5 year old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Oz Baby: ties ruby shoes, skips down Yellow Brick Road back to Kansas

5 years: Skip, Tie shoes, Difference between reality/fantasy

22
Q

if a child still cannot walk independently by 18 months, what might be the cause?

A

normal variant delay (especially if child doesn’t crawl but commando creeps/bottom shuffles)

cerebral palsy
primary muscular disorder
global developmental delay

23
Q

at what age should we expect a child to begin imaginative play?

A

18 months - 24 months

24
Q

at what age should a child perform a ‘neat pincer grip’?

A

10-12 months

25
Q

When should a child be able to stack 8 cubes?

A

2 and a half yrs

26
Q

at 12 months- how many words should a child know/understand?

A

2-3 words with meaning

27
Q

When should a child be able to stack 4 cubes

A

18 months

28
Q

what is the average birth weight for a newborn?

A

approx 3.5kg

29
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 2month old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Parent’s Little Baby: looks up to sound, smiles because he sees both his parents, one on either side of midline

2 months: lift head 45 degrees (when laying on face), turns to sound, follows objects past midline, social smile

31
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 6month old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Street-Corner Baby: sitting up on sidewalk, transferring a rake from hand to hand while babbling at people he thinks he recognizes

6 months: sit up with no head lag, raking grasp, transfer objects between hands, babbles (consonants), recognizes familiar faces

32
Q

at what age should we expect a child to have fluent speech and articulation?

A

4-5 yrs old

33
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 4 year old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Bedtime Story Baby: really wants story time, so runs up stairs, hops on one foot to undress, so she and mom can read a story together. A Wrinkle in Time.

4 years: Stairs (alternating feet), hop, undresses, 1 foot (4 seconds), 4 word phrases (complete sentences), cooperative play

34
Q

what are some key questions you should ask to assess a child’s development in terms of the gross motor domain?

A
When did they start crawling?
When did they start walking?
Can they walk backwards?
When did they start running?
Are they able to climb stairs?
35
Q

When should a child be able to stack 6 cubes

A

24 months

36
Q

what are some normal newborn behavioural characteristics?

A
Wake regularly for feeds
Suck strongly on the breast
Rousable to normal activity
Normal sounding cry
Flexed posture with some tone
37
Q

what is the language capability of a child at 2 yrs?

A

at least 50 words

simple 3 word phrases

39
Q

at what age should a child begin to physically point their finger or follow with attention?

A

12 months. if they can’t, then it indicates developmental delay

40
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 12 month old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Playful Zombie Baby: walking at you, snapping pincers, repeating one word over and over (brrraaaaains), and just wants to play patacake and peekaboo before waving bye bye.

12 months: Walk, pincer grasp, 1 word, patacake, bye bye, peekaboo

40
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 3 year old. What milestones would we expect?

A

James Bond Baby: springs into action . . . jumps into 3-piece suit, stands in front of mirror and says full name, jumps on tricycle. “You.Me. I,” is his pickup line.

3 years: Jump, Tricycle, dresses self (shirt, pants, shoes), full name, “you, me, I”

41
Q

in what order do we see the 4 domains of development begin to emerge in a growing infant?

A

gross motor –> fine motor + vision–> hearing + language/speech –> social behaviour

42
Q

what must you order for a child who first presents with difficulties reaching milestones for language and communication?

A

audiometry test

43
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 15 month old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Little Sister Baby: wants to be just like big sister, walks confidently to the blocks and imitates making a 2 block tower

15 months: walks well, imitates, controlled release of blocks (can stack 2)

43
Q

at what age should object permanence be achieved? what does object permanence mean?

A

object permanence refers to the understanding that objects exist even when they cannot be observed.

object permanence should be achieved by 12 months

43
Q

what does protoimperative and protodeclarative mean in terms of a child’s development, and when should it occur by?

A

Proto-imperative- indicates needs and wants with pointing

Proto-declarative- points and shares interest with somebody else

–> should be able to see this by 18 months

44
Q

tell me the archetypal story for a 2 year old. What milestones would we expect?

A

Bad Twins: mom gives two commands to twin boys to run to the stairs, then walk up the 25 stairs. Each walks up the 25 stairs not helping the other.

2 years: Run, stairs (1 foot at a time), 20-50 words, 2 step command, parallel play

45
Q

When should a child be able to imitate a vertical line?

A

Around 3 yrs

46
Q

When should a child begin to draw a person in 3 parts?

A

Around 4 yrs