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CIC Exam > Infectious Process > Flashcards

Infectious Process Flashcards

0
Q

What is virulence

A

Commonly recognized as the measure of the microbes ability to invade and create disease and a host
Ability of the host to survive
Ability to transmit to a new host
Ability to hear to a structure that can cause infection
Mechanism for proliferation
Invasion and dissemination

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1
Q

Factors to consider when cohorting patients

A

Common risk factors
Common exposure to communicable disease
Prevention of contact between patients known to be infected

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2
Q

What regulates cell mediated immunity system

A

T lymphocytes and mono nuclear phagocytes

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3
Q

What is he humoral immunity

A

Antibody response

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4
Q

What bacteria excretes exotoxins

A

Exotoxins are secreted by gram-positive bacteria

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5
Q

Name the characteristics of gram-positive bacteria

A

Heat inactivated
neutralized by specific antibody
possess enzymatic activity

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6
Q

What is an endotoxin complex

A

Made up of bacterial proteins lipids and polysaccharides that remain firmly within the bacteria
Gram - bacteria
Not always destroyed by heat autoclave
Sets off cascade of responses
Cholera toxin increases fluids in the GI tract

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7
Q

List some characteristics of gram-negative bacteria

A

Resist inactivation by heat partially neutralized by antibodies
send off Cascades of responses such as fever swelling pain shock. they complement the cascade of cytokines release

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8
Q

What is the function of the thymus during cellular immunity response

A

The thymus transforms T lymphocytes into mature CD4 helper helper lymphocytes and CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes

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9
Q

What type of cell kills virus cells

A

CD8 cells are considered virus killing cells

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10
Q

Where do the CD4 cells populate

A

Bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes

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11
Q

What type of cells are found in the skin and mucous membranes

A

Langerhans cells

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12
Q

What is lysozyme?

A

Low activity enzyme secreted by mucous membranes

Kills some gram neg bacteria

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13
Q

Name the three types of granulocytes

A

Neutrophil
eosinophils
Basophils

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14
Q

What is the First cell to arrive at the site of an inflammatory process

A

Neutrophil

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15
Q

What cells have no defined role to help resistant infection

A

Basophils

Contain histamine

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16
Q

What’s so participates in an allergic response and contains histamine

A

Basophils

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17
Q

What is the response of an eosinophils?

A

Defense against parasites

18
Q

What is the left shift

A

Lab finding of increased numbers of immature neutrophils and the peripheral blood

19
Q

What is the definition of leukocytosis

A

White blood cell count of greater than 10,000

20
Q

What is leukopenia

A

White blood cell count less than 4000

21
Q

How to determine absolute neutrophil count

A

Multiply the cumulative percent of mature and immature PMN and times the total white blood count

22
Q

How to calculate absoulute neutrophil count

A

ANC = Total WBC x (segs + bands) / 100

Example
Total WBC 400/mm segs 75% bands 10%

23
Q

What is the normal white blood count number

A

4000 to 10,000 cells per cubic millimeter (cumm)

24
Q

Immunocomprosmised determined by ?

A

Host defense defects
Type of immunological abnormality induced by an agent
Dose, duration, and temporal sequence of immunosuppressive therapy
Neutropenia or lymphopenia
State of humoral or cellular host defense
Integrity of skin
Metabolic factors
Infections

25
Q

What type of bacteria is carried on fruits/veggies?

A

Gram neg

Salads test + for P aeruginisa, e. Coli, klebsiella

26
Q

What method is best for environmental culturing?

Qualitative or quantitative

A

Quantitative is better because it determines the amount.

27
Q

Name 2 ways to determine organism relatedness

A

Phenotypic or genotype can

28
Q

Name two types of lymphocytes

A

T cell - cellular immunity - mature in thymus

B cell - humoral immunity - mature in the bone

29
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Start in bone marrow, migrate to the thymus during fetal development,
Mature to the thymus, and produce T cells.

30
Q

What does sed rate determine?

A

Increased with Inflammation and infection

RBC or erythrocytes fall to the bottom - the rate at which they fall is the ESR rate

31
Q

Exotoxins

A

Protein secreted by gram - or +

Results in cell death and stimulates T cell production causing the cytokines cascade

32
Q

Exotoxin

A

Secreted by gram + bacteria
Susceptible to heat activation autoclave kills
Neutralized by antibody
Enzymatic activity

33
Q

Endotoxin

A 
Gram negative bacteria
Not destroyed by autoclaving
Partially neutralized by antibody
May possess enzymatic activity
Sets off cascades of responses
Examples cholera
34
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Originate in fetal liver and bone marrow. Populate in spleen and lymph nodes

35
Q

Humoral immunity

A

IgG

IgM

36
Q

What are cytotoxic T cells?

A

Destroy virally infected cells and tumor cells

CD8 T cells

37
Q

What are memory cells

A

Antigen specific T cells
Persist long term after an infection has resolved
Memory against previous infections
CD4 or CD8 cells

38
Q

What are natural killer cells

A

Produce cytokines
Eliminate some tumor cells
Cells infected with herpes viruses

39
Q

What is regulatory T cells

A

Shuts down T cell mediated immunity

40
Q

What is helper t cells

A

Assist WBC in immunologic process

Maturation of B cells

41
Q 
WBC Counts
Normal range
Leukocyte sis
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
A

Normal 4000-10,000
Leukocytosis >10,000
Leukopenia < 4,000 cells/mm3
Neutropenia < 1000

42
Q

Mechanisms of antivirals

A

Inhibition of formation of DNA precursors
Interference with viral uncoating
Conference of viral resistance on uninfected cells
DOES NOT AFFECT THE CELL WALL

CIC Exam (9 decks)

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