Infectious Disease Process Flashcards

Question

What is a neutrophil

Answer 1

First to arrive at the site of an infection most abundant phagocyte they inhibit the growth of bacteria or fungus

Answer 2

Active and killing bacteria and parasites | they also can cause tissue damage during allergic reaction

Answer 3

They are activated by pathogen and release histamine important defense against parasites Play a role in allergic reactions (such as cause asthma)

Answer 4

Antibody mediated immunity IgG passed from mom to placenta Antibodies disappear between 6-12 month Transfer of IgA antibodies in breast milk

Answer 5

Passive immunity is acquired using antiserum injection- Injection contains antibodies form by a person or animal provide immediate but short-term protection against an example is hepatitis exposure or tetanus antitoxin

Answer 6

Ectoparasites Protozoa Helminths Detected by microscopic examination

Answer 7

Infestations are common in the community Can spread in healthcare facility Scabies, bedbugs, lice

Answer 8

Unicellular free loving eukaryotic organisms Community health problems (not typical in health care facilities) Giardiasis Toxoplasma Giardiasis

Answer 9

Parasitic worms Roundworms Tapeworms Flatworm

Answer 10

``` Paused by bacillus anthracis biological agent Occupational contact or infected animals Incubation hours to 7 days typically 48 hrs Contact precautions Treatment with penicillin, Cipro ```

Answer 11

Fungal disease in resp tract of birds/mammals Diagnosed by intradermal or scratch test Days to weeks incubation No precautions Treated with corticosteroids.

Answer 12

Signs and symptoms fever headache weakness profuse sweating chills depression weight loss and aching Incubation 5 to 60 days use contact precautions

Answer 13

``` Herpes virus, varicella Fever, maculopaoular skin eruptions, Incubation 2-3 weeks Chickenpox- airborne isolation, Disseminated zoster - s ```

Answer 14

``` Infection of small intestine Watery stools Incubation 5 days Contact precautions 50% die is not treated within hours ```

Answer 15

Hemophilia influenza epidemic, streptococcus pnemoniae, neisseria meningitis Incubation 24-72 hours Contact precautions

Answer 16

Infectious tropical disease caused by dengue virus | Incubation 3-14 days

Answer 17

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Bacterial disease up involving pharynx Incubation 2-5 days

Answer 18

Transmitted by a tick Fever, chills, malaise, headache, muscle joint pain, headache Standard precautions Treat with tetracycline

Answer 19

Childhood disease slapped cheek and lazy exanthema Human parvovirus Incubation 4-20 days Droplet precautions

Answer 20

Jaundice, fatique, and pain, loss of appetite, nausea Incubation 15-50 days Fecal / oral route HAVRIX vaccination IgM antibody appears first and then declines

Answer 21

Jaundice, fatigue, and pain, loss of appetite, nausea. HBSAG found in the blood 1-2 months after exposure Incubation 45-180 days Anti- HBc IgG life time marker for HBV infection

Answer 22

``` 70% asymptomatic Anti- HCV can be detected in 4-24 weeks Incubation 2 weeks to 6 months Transmission - blood, sexual, perinatal Standard precautions Treat INF2b and ribavirin ```

Answer 23

``` Occurs with confection with HBV Detection of HDV Low incidence in US Incubation 2-8 weeks HDV not sexually transmitted hep B vaccination provides immunity ```

Answer 24

Non enveloped particle of The Calcivirus family Usually a benign disease Incubation 15-64 days Fecal oral route for transmission

Answer 25

Systemic primary lesions in lung Incubation 3-17 days usually 10 days Standard precautions

Answer 26

Fever, malaise, lethargy, anorexia, nausea, headache, sore throat ELISA measures antibody response Western blot is confirmatory test Detected 3 weeks to 6 months after exposure Incubation 1-3 months

Answer 27

Types A B C Symptoms include fever headache sore throat cough a Myalgia Strains of flu are described by their geographical site of isolation the culture number and the year of isolation Incubation period is 1 to 3 days droplet precautions

Answer 28

Symptoms include anorexia malaise headache rapid rise and fever with chills nonproductive cough abdominal pain diarrhea Incubation period is 2 to 10 days. standard precautions mortality is about 39%

Answer 29

Borerelia buefdorferi Incubation 3-32 days ELISA testing

Answer 30

Symptoms include fever chills sweats cough diarrhea respiratory distress headache shock renal and liver failure, encephalopathy, cerebral edema, coma, death Incubation period is 7 to 14 days if it's a blood it's two months quinine is a treatment

Answer 31

Signs and symptoms include fever conjunctivitis cough spots red blotchy rash which begins on the face Diagnostic and testing includes and IgM antibodies which are present 3 to 4 days after the rash Airborne isolation treatment can include me you know globin and IG

Answer 32

Sudden fever, headache, N, V, stiff neck, convulsions, Test CSF appears cloudy, test for blood cells, leukocyte, cell count, protein ^ sugar Neisseria meningitis - treat with Cipro.

Answer 33

Occurs in July, August, sept <40 y.o. No mental impairment Viral cultures of CSF

Answer 34

Usually associated with Otis media or pharyngitis. Causes bacteria meningitis deafness occurs in 50% Incidence has decreased since HIb vaccination

Answer 35

Human game herpesvirus Fever, sore-throat, splenomegly, lymphadenopathy IFA test for IgM & IgA Incubation 4-6 weeks

Answer 36

Fever, swelling, tenderness of salivary glands Incubation 12-25 days avg 18 DROPLET from 9 days past onset of swelling Treatment - none

Answer 37

Infested hair is fluorescent under UV light Incubation 7-10 days Contact precautions Ectoparasites - scabies, bedbugs, lice

Answer 38

``` Bortella pertussis Cough has a crowing or high pitched sound Diagnosed by NP culture Incubation 6-20 days Droplet for at least 5 days ```

Answer 39

Fever, chills, malaise, myalgia, nausea, sore throat, headache Dx by bipolar staining, FA test, Incubation 1-7 days Droplet precautions for 72 hours until abx Clothing will be infested with fleas use insecticides

Answer 40

Poliovirus (enterovirus types 1,2,3 Flaccid paralysis. Fever, malaise, headache, nausea. Vomiting. Muscle pain, stiffness of neck Dx: virus in stool, CSF, oral secretions Incubation 3-35 days, average 7-14 days Contact precautions

Answer 41

``` Virus rhabdovirus of genus Lyssavirus Vizsla encephalomyelitis, sudden onset of apprehension, headache, fever, malaise, Sensory changes, DX: brain tissue Incubation 9 days to 7years Contact precautions Intensive medical care ```

Answer 42

Sudden onset Fever, malaise, deep muscle pain, severe headache, maculopaoular rash on extremities include palms and soles of feet, petechiae, and hemorrhages, Incubation 3-14 days Standard precautions

Answer 43

Bronchiolitis & pneumonia in infants and children under 1 year DX - virus antigens viral RNA Isolation contact and droplet

Answer 44

Togavieidae, genus rubivirus Maculopaoular rash resembles measles, headache, malaise, conjunctivitis, Incubation 14-23 days, average 16-18 days Droplet for 7 days after rash development

Answer 45

Cornponavirus SARS CoV Fever 100.4, headache, body ache, mild respiratory symptoms Incubation 10 days Droplet and contact precautions

Answer 46

``` Sarcoptes scabies Mite penetrates the skin Diagnosed by skin scrapping Incubation 2-6 weeks Contact precautions for 24 hours after treatment ```

Answer 47

80% asymptomatic Fever, myalgia, rash, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, malaise, DX: test for CSF 8 days after symptoms IgM Incubation 3-14 days Standard precautions

Answer 48

Sudden onset Fever, chills, headache, backache, generalized muscle pain, nausea , vomiting, Incubation 3-6 days Standard precautions Protect from Mosquitos

Answer 49

Do not destroy microbes, but destroy the compromised host cd,lx such as tumor cells or virus infected cells Not part of inflammatory response

Answer 50

Host had an immunological response and produces cells that response Host produces own antibodies Active immunity persists for a long time - years

Answer 51

Humoral immunity Host receives antibodies from another source. (Mom to baby 6-12 months) Immunity is short lived months/weeks Anti-serum injection IVIG pooled human immunoglobin (Kelli)