infectious dz prep + review Flashcards
Dx of enterobiasis
pinworm - tape test
patient has signs and symptoms of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) with involvement of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. what is recommended treatment?
start oral antiviral, analgesics and optho referral!
* vesicles on the nose (hutchinson’s sign) is a STRONG indicator of ocular involvement
first line treatment for cutaneous MRSA infection ?
TMP/SMX (vancomycin works but is ONLY available as IV )
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) - what is its presentation and causative organism?
clinical manifestation of chlamydia (along w/ urethritis, PID and reiter’s syndrome)
- starts as painless ulcer/papule/nodule of genital/rectal area –> softening, suppuration and lymphadenopathy
Which of the following signs or symptoms would you expect to find at the bite site of a patient infected with rabies?
Paresthesias and fasciculations
what other s+s are consistent with diptheria other than the classic pseudomembrane?
“bull neck” - from swelling lymph nodes/mucosa. sore throat, dysphagia, fever, HA, skin- nonhealing grey lesions, runny nose, wheezing
level of induration for positive PPD for those confirmed exposure vs suspected exposure to TB
confirmed: >5mm
suspected: >10mm
AIDS w/ CD4 <50: how do s+s of CMV and MAC differ
CMV: retinitis (scrambled eggs/ketchup), esophagitis (large superficial ulcers)
MAC: often only pulmonary in immunocompetent - HIV = disseminated (fever, sweat, diarrhea, dyspnea, RUQ pain)
1 CNS pathogen in AIDS patients - likely cause of meningoencephalitis
cryptococcus neoformans
dx of cryptococcus vs toxoplasmosis in immunocomprimised pt
cryptococcus: CSF india ink stain
toxoplasmosis: PCR (antibody to toxoplasmosis not likely found in immunocompromised)
Cysticercosis
tapeworm infection. It affects the brain and muscles. It is also the major cause of adult onset seizures in low-income countries.
causative agent for rheumatic fever
strep PYOGENES
typical signs of Shigellosis. symptoms are severe and are not improving without intervention. what is the next step?
empiric FQs (while awaiting suscpetibility testing)
just returned from thailand, frequent bloody, loose, and mucous-filled bowel movements over the past five days. stool culture show gram negative rods
shigellosis
post-partum up to five months. cough, fatigue, nocturnal dyspnea = Dx?
dilated cardiomyopathy
long-standing history of smoking and who worked during his early career as a pipefitter, presents with progressive dyspnea over the past six months. He has also had a persistent dry cough. what is seen on CXR?
pleural plaques = asbestosis
Sporothrix schenckii - what is it? txt?
fungal spore “rose handler’s disease”
through a cut or puncture wound. Infection commonly occurs in otherwise healthy individual,s but is rarely life-threatening and can be treated with antifungals.
what cardiomyopathy does sarcoidosis cause?
restrictive
hallmark of restrictive cardiomyopathy on echo?
atrial dilation with normal ejection fraction and ventricular wall thickness and volume.
fluctuating cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonism (which is seen in up to 50% of patients). Falls, syncope, and REM sleep disturbances are also manifestations. =Dx?
lewy body dementia
frontotemporal dementia causes what?
Personality and behavioral changes (not memory or motor)
Male offspring of carrier mothers have a 100% chance of getting the gene - what type of inheritance?
mitochondrial
X-linked trait, what rate do males get it if their mom is a carrier?
50% chance
cornerstone of treatment for symptomatic menopause or peri-menopause.
HRT:Women with an intact uterus should be prescribed estrogen and progesterone, while women who have undergone a hysterectomy only need estrogen.