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Step 1 USMLE > Infectious Diseases - Heart > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases - Heart Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

endocarditis mainly affects what in the heart

A

the valves

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2
Q

endocarditis mainly affects what in the heart

A

the valves

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3
Q

which kind of endocarditis affects normal valves

A

acute endocarditis

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4
Q

main cause of acute endocarditis is

A

s. aureus

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5
Q

what valve is mainly affected in acute endocaridits

A

aortic valve

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6
Q

which kind of endocarditis is an emergency and needs ICU attention because of the possibility of acute heart failure

A

acute endocarditis

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7
Q

what are the two tx for acute endocarditis

A

vancomycin and Rifampin (ahminoglycosides)

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8
Q

what are 6 things that can cause deformed mitral valves

A
  1. Rheumatic Fever
  2. Bicuspid Aortic Valve
  3. Aortic Sclerosis
  4. Tetralogy of Fallot
  5. PDA
  6. Congenital heart disease
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9
Q

why does PDA cause mitral valve deformity

A

because it allows for more heart to be put into the left heart, therefore putting more pressure on the mitral valve leading to deformity

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10
Q

organisms that cause subacute endocarditis in deformed valves

A

s. viridian’s and enterococci(group D strep)

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11
Q

which organism can cause endocarditis and is 50% of the time associated with colon cancer

A

S. Bovis

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12
Q

how long is early prosthetic endocarditis?

A
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13
Q

how long is late prosthetic endocarditis

A

> 2 months

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14
Q

what can cause early prosthetic endocarditis

A

s. epidemis
s. aureus
s. viridans

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15
Q

what can cause late prosthetic endocarditis

A

s. viridian’s
s. aureus
s. epididymis

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16
Q

how to dx prosthetic heart valve endocarditis

A

blood culture (3sets) 3 different times

17
Q

how to dx prosthetic heart valve endocarditis

A

blood culture (3sets) 3 different times

18
Q

which kind of endocarditis affects normal valves

A

acute endocarditis

19
Q

main cause of acute endocarditis is

A

s. aureus

20
Q

what valve is mainly affected in acute endocaridits

A

aortic valve

21
Q

which kind of endocarditis is an emergency and needs ICU attention because of the possibility of acute heart failure

A

acute endocarditis

22
Q

what are the two tx for acute endocarditis

A

vancomycin and Rifampin (ahminoglycosides)

23
Q

what are 6 things that can cause deformed mitral valves

A
  1. Rheumatic Fever
  2. Bicuspid Aortic Valve
  3. Aortic Sclerosis
  4. Tetralogy of Fallot
  5. PDA
  6. Congenital heart disease
24
Q

why does PDA cause mitral valve deformity

A

because it allows for more heart to be put into the left heart, therefore putting more pressure on the mitral valve leading to deformity

25
Q

organisms that cause subacute endocarditis in deformed valves

A

s. viridian’s and enterococci(group D strep)

26
Q

which organism can cause endocarditis and is 50% of the time associated with colon cancer

A

S. Bovis

27
Q

how long is early prosthetic endocarditis?

A
28
Q

how long is late prosthetic endocarditis

A

> 2 months

29
Q

what can cause early prosthetic endocarditis

A

s. epidemis
s. aureus
s. viridans

30
Q

what can cause late prosthetic endocarditis

A

s. viridian’s
s. aureus
s. epididymis

31
Q

osier’s nodes, janway lesions. roth spots and immune complex deposition is seen in

A

subacute endocarditis

32
Q

how to dx prosthetic heart valve endocarditis

A

blood culture (3sets) 3 different times

33
Q

what is inside the blood culture vile that allows the bacteria to grow

A

BHI-Brain Heart Infusion

34
Q

what will show the vegetation’s in the heart

A

echocardiogram (transesophageal is the best)

35
Q

what is the treatment for endocarditis caused by s. viridian’s

A

penicillin

36
Q

what affects the mitral valve by first causing regurgitation and then later in life stenosis of the valve

A

Rheumatic fever

Step 1 USMLE (7 decks)

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