Infectious Diseases - CNS

Question 1

what is the main causative agent for brain abscess

Answer 1

s viridian’s

Question 2

what are the 3 causes of brain abscess

Answer 2

s viridian’s
norcardia asteroides
s.aureus+anerobes

Question 3

diagnosis for brain abscess

Answer 3

CT guided aspiration, also TX

Question 4

norcardia belongs to what family

Answer 4

actinomyces

Question 5

inflammation of brain parenchyma is referred to as

Answer 5

encephalitis

Question 6

encephalomyelitis

Answer 6

involves the spinal cord

Question 7

what are the main causes of encephalitis

Answer 7

viruses!!1
HSV-1 and Flavivirus
Togaviridae and Rhabdoviridae

Question 8

DX for encephalitis is done how

Answer 8

PCR of CSF

Question 9

how to treat HSV-1 encephalitis

Answer 9

IV Acyclovir

Question 10

HASV-1 mainly infects what part of the brain

Answer 10

temporal lobe so language is affected “wernicke’s aphasia”

Question 11

which form of meningitis is usually due to virus

Answer 11

aseptic meningitis

Question 12

what are the 2 bacteria that cause meningitis (aseptic)

Answer 12

syphillis and lyme disease

Question 13

what are the 4 viruses that cause aseptic meningitis

Answer 13

enterovirus
coxsackie
HASV-2
echovirus

Question 14

septic meningitis is usually due to

Answer 14

bacteria

Question 15

acute septic meningitis in the following is caused by what

neonate

adolescents

adults

old people

diabetics

Answer 15

1. S. agalactiae
   e. coli
   listeria monocytogenes
2. niesseria meningitides
   s. pneumo
3. s. pneumo
   n. meningitides
4. s. pneumo
   listeria m.
   n. meningitides
5. same as 4

Question 16

kerning’s sign (meningitis)

Answer 16

lay supine, flex the hip and extend the knee of the patient and they will complain of back and hamstring pain

Question 17

brudzinskis sign (meningitis)

Answer 17

forced flexion go the head and the patient will yell in pain and flex their hips and knee “fetal position”

Question 18

main tool for diagnosis meningitis

Answer 18

Lumbar puncture

Question 19

normal opening pressure

Answer 19

70-180 ml/H2o

Question 20

normal cell count in LP

Question 21

normla portien LP

Answer 21

20-50mg/dL

Question 22

normal sugar in LP

Answer 22

2/3rd of blood sugar

Question 23

Aseptic (viral meningitis) LP:
pressure
cells
protein
sugar

Answer 23

> 200
25-500 (mainly lymphocytes)
50-100
2/3rd of normal blood sugar

Question 24

Bacterial Meningitis (septic)LP
pressure
cells
protein 
sugar

Answer 24

> 250
hundreds-thousands
200-500 (average 300) neutrophils

Question 25

TB meningitis LP
pressure
cells
protein
sugar

Answer 25

> 200
mainly lymphocytes
1g-6g/dL

Question 26

which kind of pneumonia will have NO Crackles heard

Answer 26

community acquired atypical pneumonia

Question 27

which pneumonia is interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes

Answer 27

atypical

Question 28

which kind of pneumonia is infiltration of neutrophils in the bronchi

Answer 28

typical

Question 29

best tx for community acquired atypical pneumonia is

Answer 29

azithromycin (macrolide) or erythromycin

Question 30

what are 6 causes of nosocomial pneumonia

Answer 30

s. aureus
p. aueriginosa
e. coli
klebsiella
enterobacter
actinobacter

Question 31

what are the two main causative agents of aspiration pneumonia

Answer 31

s. aureus and anaerobes

Question 32

what pneumonia will present with malodorous breath due to anaerobe cause

Answer 32

aspiration penumonia

Question 33

TX for aspiration penumo

Answer 33

clindamycin and ceonitin (cephalosporin)