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Cardiovascular - step > Infectious/Diseases affecting heart > Flashcards

Infectious/Diseases affecting heart Flashcards

1
Q

what is most common symptom of bacterial endocarditis?

A

FEVER!

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2
Q

what bacteria causes acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staph aureus - high virulence

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3
Q

describe bacterial endocarditis valves by staph aureus

A

IVDU

large vegetatiosn on previously normal

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4
Q

type of bacteria after dental rpcedures

A

viridans streptococci

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5
Q

type of bacteria after congenitally abnormal or diseased valves

A

viridans streptococci

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6
Q

bacterial endocarditis after colon cancer

A

step bovis/gallolyticus

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7
Q

bacterial endocarditis on prosthetic valves

A

staph epidermitis

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8
Q

non bacterial endocarditis?

A

secondary to malignancy, hypercoagulable state, lupus

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9
Q

what valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?

A

mitral valve

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10
Q

what valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis in IVDU?

A

tricuspid valve

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11
Q

what bacteria are associated with tricuspid valve/IVDU bacterial endocarditis

A

Staph aureus
Pseudomonas aerignosa
Candida albicans

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12
Q

culture negative bacterial endocarditis?

A

coxiella burnetti

bartonella + HACEK: haemophillus, actinomyces, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella

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13
Q

what murmur would you respect with bacterial endocarditis

A

mitral, aortic regurgitation

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14
Q

predispositions for bacterial endocarditis

A

prostetic heart valve, structural heart disease, IVDU

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15
Q

vascular phenomenon associated with bacterial endocarditis

A 
arterial, pulmonary emboli
mycotic aneyrusm
hemorrhages
conjunctival hemoorahse
janeway lesions
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16
Q

immunology phenomenon associated with bacterial endocarditis

A

glomerulonephritis, osler nodes, roth spots, rheumatic fever

17
Q

what is a roth spot

A

immunological complication fo bacterial endocarditis

round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrahge

18
Q

what is an osler node

A

immuno phenomena associated with bacterial endocarditis

tender raised lesions on finger or toe pads

19
Q

what is a janeway lesion

A

vascular phenomena associated with bacterial endocarditis

small, painless, erythematous lesions on palm or sole

20
Q

what causes rheumatic fever?

A

pharyngitis infection with group A beta-streptococci molecular mimicry to M protein

21
Q

which heart valves are affected in RF

A

mitral> aortic&raquo_space;>tricuspid

HIGH PRESSURE affected first

22
Q

what is an aschoff body?

A

granuloma with giant cells

23
Q

what is an anitschkow cell

A

enlarged macrophages with ovoid, wavy rod like nucleus

rheumatic fever

24
Q

what antibodies are increased in rheumatic fever?

A

anti-streptolysin O antibodies

25
Q

what type of immune response is rheumatic fever?

A

type II hypersensitivity

26
Q

treatment of rheumatic fever

A

penicillin for prophylaxis as well

27
Q

symptom presentation of rheumatic fever pelase

A 
mivratory polyarthritis
carditis
subcutaneous nodules
erythema marginatum
syndenham chorea
28
Q

describe cxpx of acute pericarditis?

A

sharp pain, aggracated by inspiration, relived by sitting up and leaning forward
presents with friction rub

29
Q

what ecd indicates acute pericarditis

A

elevated ST segment in all leads

and or PR depression

30
Q

what causes acute pericarditis

A

idiopathic - assumed viral
confirmed infection - coxsackie, adeno, HIV
neoplasia (met from breast, lung, leukemia)
autoimmune (SLE, RA)
uremia
cardiovascular (Acute STEMI, dressler syndrome)
radiation therapy

31
Q

what is a cardiac tamponae

A

compression of heart by fluid in pericardial space that decreases CO

32
Q

describe the pressure in the heart chambers in cardiac tamponade

A

equal pressure in all foru heart chambers

33
Q

describe cxpx of cardiac tamponade

A

beck triad: hypotension, distended neck veins, distant heart sounds
increased HR
pulsus paradoxus
absent y descent (flwo of blood from RA to RV)

34
Q

what does ECG show in cardiac tamponade?

A

low voltage QRS

electrical alternans - due to swinging movement of heart in large effusion

35
Q

describe pulsus paradoxus

A

decreased amplitude of systolic BP by >10 mmHg during inspiration

36
Q

when do you see pulsus paradoxus

A

a) asthma
b) obstructive sleep apnea
c) pericarditis
d) croup
e) cardiac tamponade

37
Q

describe syphilitic heart disease

A

in tertiary syphillus
obliternas endarteritis of vaso vasrum
atrophy of cessel wall and dilation of aorta an valve ring
THORACIC ANUERYSM

38
Q

describe ‘‘tree bark’’ aorta

A

calcification of aortic root and ascending aortic arch

39
Q

what are consequences of syphilltic heart disease

A

aneurysm of aseconding aorta
aneurysm of aortic arch
aortic insufficiency

Cardiovascular - step (8 decks)

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