Infectious/Diseases affecting heart

Question 1

what is most common symptom of bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 1

FEVER!

Question 2

what bacteria causes acute bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 2

Staph aureus - high virulence

Question 3

describe bacterial endocarditis valves by staph aureus

Answer 3

IVDU

large vegetatiosn on previously normal

Question 4

type of bacteria after dental rpcedures

Answer 4

viridans streptococci

Question 5

type of bacteria after congenitally abnormal or diseased valves

Answer 5

viridans streptococci

Question 6

bacterial endocarditis after colon cancer

Answer 6

step bovis/gallolyticus

Question 7

bacterial endocarditis on prosthetic valves

Answer 7

staph epidermitis

Question 8

non bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 8

secondary to malignancy, hypercoagulable state, lupus

Question 9

what valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 9

mitral valve

Question 10

what valve is most commonly involved in bacterial endocarditis in IVDU?

Answer 10

tricuspid valve

Question 11

what bacteria are associated with tricuspid valve/IVDU bacterial endocarditis

Answer 11

Staph aureus
Pseudomonas aerignosa
Candida albicans

Question 12

culture negative bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 12

coxiella burnetti

bartonella + HACEK: haemophillus, actinomyces, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella

Question 13

what murmur would you respect with bacterial endocarditis

Answer 13

mitral, aortic regurgitation

Question 14

predispositions for bacterial endocarditis

Answer 14

prostetic heart valve, structural heart disease, IVDU

Question 15

vascular phenomenon associated with bacterial endocarditis

Answer 15

arterial, pulmonary emboli
mycotic aneyrusm
hemorrhages
conjunctival hemoorahse
janeway lesions

Question 16

immunology phenomenon associated with bacterial endocarditis

Answer 16

glomerulonephritis, osler nodes, roth spots, rheumatic fever

Question 17

what is a roth spot

Answer 17

immunological complication fo bacterial endocarditis

round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrahge

Question 18

what is an osler node

Answer 18

immuno phenomena associated with bacterial endocarditis

tender raised lesions on finger or toe pads

Question 19

what is a janeway lesion

Answer 19

vascular phenomena associated with bacterial endocarditis

small, painless, erythematous lesions on palm or sole

Question 20

what causes rheumatic fever?

Answer 20

pharyngitis infection with group A beta-streptococci molecular mimicry to M protein

Question 21

which heart valves are affected in RF

Answer 21

mitral> aortic&raquo_space;>tricuspid

HIGH PRESSURE affected first

Question 22

what is an aschoff body?

Answer 22

granuloma with giant cells

Question 23

what is an anitschkow cell

Answer 23

enlarged macrophages with ovoid, wavy rod like nucleus

rheumatic fever

Question 24

what antibodies are increased in rheumatic fever?

Answer 24

anti-streptolysin O antibodies

Question 25

what type of immune response is rheumatic fever?

Answer 25

type II hypersensitivity

Question 26

treatment of rheumatic fever

Answer 26

penicillin for prophylaxis as well

Question 27

symptom presentation of rheumatic fever pelase

Answer 27

``` mivratory polyarthritis carditis subcutaneous nodules erythema marginatum syndenham chorea ```

Question 28

describe cxpx of acute pericarditis?

Answer 28

sharp pain, aggracated by inspiration, relived by sitting up and leaning forward presents with friction rub

Question 29

what ecd indicates acute pericarditis

Answer 29

elevated ST segment in all leads | and or PR depression

Question 30

what causes acute pericarditis

Answer 30

idiopathic - assumed viral confirmed infection - coxsackie, adeno, HIV neoplasia (met from breast, lung, leukemia) autoimmune (SLE, RA) uremia cardiovascular (Acute STEMI, dressler syndrome) radiation therapy

Question 31

what is a cardiac tamponae

Answer 31

compression of heart by fluid in pericardial space that decreases CO

Question 32

describe the pressure in the heart chambers in cardiac tamponade

Answer 32

equal pressure in all foru heart chambers

Question 33

describe cxpx of cardiac tamponade

Answer 33

beck triad: hypotension, distended neck veins, distant heart sounds increased HR pulsus paradoxus absent y descent (flwo of blood from RA to RV)

Question 34

what does ECG show in cardiac tamponade?

Answer 34

low voltage QRS | electrical alternans - due to swinging movement of heart in large effusion

Question 35

describe pulsus paradoxus

Answer 35

decreased amplitude of systolic BP by >10 mmHg during inspiration

Question 36

when do you see pulsus paradoxus

Answer 36

a) asthma b) obstructive sleep apnea c) pericarditis d) croup e) cardiac tamponade

Question 37

describe syphilitic heart disease

Answer 37

in tertiary syphillus obliternas endarteritis of vaso vasrum atrophy of cessel wall and dilation of aorta an valve ring THORACIC ANUERYSM

Question 38

describe ''tree bark'' aorta

Answer 38

calcification of aortic root and ascending aortic arch

Question 39

what are consequences of syphilltic heart disease

Answer 39

aneurysm of aseconding aorta aneurysm of aortic arch aortic insufficiency