Embryology Flashcards
truncus arteriosus
pulmonary truck
ascending aorta
bulbus cordis
smooth parts of LV (aortic vestibule) and RV (infundibulum, conus arteriosus)
primitive atrium
trabeculated part of both atria
primitive ventricle
trabeculated part of both ventricles
primitive pulmonary vein
smooth part of left atrium
left horn of sinus venosus
coronary sinus
right horn of sinus venosus
smooth part of right atrium
right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
superior vena cavae
when does heart first beat spontaneously
4th week
Karteneger SYndrome
primary cilia dyskinesia left right dyneine defect 1) dextrocardia 2) recurrent sinusitis 3) bronchiectasis 4) infertility
describe growth of septum primum
grows toward the endocardial cushion narrowing the foramen primum
how does foramen septum develop?
apoptosis in the septum primum
foreamen ovale = ?
septum secundum expands and covers most of the foramen secundum - residual foramen is the foramen ovale
how does atrial septum form?
fusion of the septum secundum and septum primum
patent foramen ovale
caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth; most are left untreated
can lead to paradoxical emboli - venous thromboembolie that enter systemic arterial circulation (similar to those seen in ASD)
what makes the membranous septum of the interventricular septum?
endocardial cushion and aorticopulmonary septum
endocardial cushion = which parts of the interventricular septum,?
membraouns and muscular
what part fo the interventricular septum does the VSD most normally happen in?
membranous (aorticopulmonary septum and endocardial cushion)
describe how the outflow tract forms?
the truncus arteriosus rotates – neural creast and endocardial cell migations – truncal and bulbar ridges spiral and fuse to form aorticopulmonary septum – ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
list the conotruncal abnormalities
transposition of great vessels
tetralogy of fallot
persistent tuncus arterosus
aortic/pulmonary valves =?
endocardial cushions of outflow trach
mitral/tricuspid valves = ?
fused endocardial cushions of the AV canal
Describe the Ebstein Anomaly
displaced valvular abnormality
septal and posterior leaflets of the tricupsif valve are displaced towards the apex of the RV of the heart - small RV, large RA commonly with a small ASD
associated with Lithium exposure in utero
yolk sac erythropoiesis
3-8 weeks
liver erythropoiesis
6 weeks to birth
spleen eryhtropoiesis
10 weeks to 28 weeks
bone marrow erythropoiesis
18 weeks to adulthood
How can O2 transfer from mom to baby?!?!
HbF = a2gamma2 has less 2.3 bpg therefore has a highter affinity for O2 (right shift) allowing it to exgtract O2 form maternal blood that has HbA1 with alpha2beta2 configuration
List the three shunts in fetal circulation.
1) ductus venosus - blood from umbilical vein to IVC skipping hepatic circulation
2) foramen ovale - O2 blood from O2 enters RA and goes to LA - LV - head and body
3) ductus arteriosus - from pulmonary trunk to descending aorta so that de O2 blood entering the RA from the SVC goes oto the RV - pulmonary circulation (ish) and out.
describe the changes that occur in circulation after birth
baby takes breath
decreases resistance in pulmonary circulation
foreamen ovale closes
increased O2 tension in pulm;onary trunk and decrease PG close the ductus arteriosuss
allantois/urachus
mediaN umbilical ligament
ductus arteriosus
ligamentum arteriosum - landmark to isolate aorta dn pulm trunk in surgery
ductus venosus
ligamentum venosum
foramen ovale
fossa ovalis
notochord
nucleus pulposus
umbilical arteries
medial umbilical ligaments
umbilical veins
ligament teres hepatis (contained in the faciform ligament)
