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Cardiovascular - step > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Right coronary artery supplies:

A

right ventricle

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2
Q

Posterior descending/interventricular artery supplies:

A

posterior 1/3 of intercentricular septum
posterior walls fo ventricles
posteromedial papillary muscle

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3
Q

left anterior descending artery supplies

A

anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
anterolateral papillary muscle
anterior surface fo left ventricle

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4
Q

left circumflex artery

A

lateral and posterior walls of left ventricle

anterolateral papillary muscle

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5
Q

blood supply of SA and AV nodes please

A

RCA

infarct - bradycardia or heart block

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6
Q

describe normal splitting of S2

A

on inspiration, thoracic pressure drops resulting in increased VR and increased RV filling - increase RV stroke volume and increased RV ejection time ultimately leading to delayed closed of the pulmonic valuve
the capacitance of the pulmonary circulation also increases in inspiration so there is less resistance to its fillign so dereased pressure to close the pulmonic valve from the circulation side of thigns

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7
Q

describe wide splitting

A

seen in conditions that delay RV emptying = pulmonic stenosis or RBB
causes delayed pulmonic sound regardless of breath

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8
Q

describe fixed splitting

A

ASD: left to right shunt - increased RA and RV volumes - increasd flow through pumonic value so that regardless of breath, P2 is greatly delayed

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9
Q

describe paradoxical splitting

A

seen in conditions that delay aortic valve closure – aortic stenosis or LFF

expiration - will get P2 before A2
inspiration - since everything is okay on right side, P@ will move closer to A2 as in normal splitting of S2

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10
Q

what do you listen to at the aortic region

A

systolic aortic stenosis
flow murmur
aortic valve sclerosis

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11
Q

what do you listen to at the pulmonic region

A 
systolic pulmonary stenosis
flow murmur (phsyio and ASD)
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12
Q

what do you listen to at the tricuspid area

A

pansystolic tricuspid regurgitation and VSD

diastolic - tricuspid stenosis and ASD

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13
Q

what do you liste ot at the mitral area

A

systolic mitral regurgitation

diastolic mitral stenosis

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14
Q

what do you listen to at the left sternal border?

A

diastolic aortic and pulmonary regurgitation

systolic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

what do you listen to at the left infraclavicular border?

A

PDA

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16
Q

describe what happens to murmors on inspiration?

A

right sided increased

increased VR to RA

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17
Q

what happesn to murmours during handgrip?

A

increased afterload
increases MR, AR, VSD
decreased hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
delays click in MVP

18
Q

what happens to murmors in valsalva II and standing

A

decreased preload
decreases all mumrurs, even AS
icnreaseds hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
earlier click in MVP

19
Q

what happens to murmurs on squatting?

A

increased VR and increased preload
increased AS
decreased hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
later click in MVP

20
Q

describe aortic stenosis

A

systolic cres-decres ejection murmur
radiates to carodis
pulsus parvus and pulsus tardus
syncope, angina, dyspnea on exertion

21
Q

cxpx of aortic stenosis

A

syncope, angia, dyspnea on exertion

22
Q

what causes aortic stenosis

A

age related calcification or early onset calcification of bicuspid aortic avlave (turner)

23
Q

describe mitral regurgitation

A

holosystolig high pitched blowing

radiates towards axilla

24
Q

what causes mitral regurgitation

A

ischaemic heart disease - post mi
mvp
LV dilatation

25
Q

describe tricuspid regurgitation

A

holosystolic, high pitched blowing

radiates to right sternal border

26
Q

what causes tricuspid regurgitation

A

RB dilatiation

27
Q

what can cause mitral/tricuspir regurgitation?

A

dilatiation of respective ventricles
rheumatic fever
infective endocarditis

28
Q

describe mitral alve prlapse

A

late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click due to sudden tensing of chordae tendiane
most frequent
loudest just before S2

29
Q

what causes MCP

A

myxomatous defeneratio @ ct dissease, rheumatic fever, chordae rupture

30
Q

describe VSD murmur

A

holosystolic
hard sounding
loudest at tricuspid

31
Q

describe aortic regurgitation

A

pulsus bisferesns, water hammer, hyperdynamic pulse
high pitched, blowing, early diastolic decrescendo murmur
long diastolic

32
Q

what causes aortic regurgitation

A

aortic root dilation,
bicuspid aortic valve
endocarditis
rheumatic fever

33
Q

what dose aortic regurgitation lead to?

A

LHF

34
Q

describe mitral stenosis

A

follows opening snap, delayed rumbling late diastolic murmur

35
Q

how do judge severity of mitral stensosis

A

decreased interval between S2 and opening smap corrlates with increase severity

36
Q

describe relationship between LA and LV pressure sdurign diatstole

A

LA»»>LV

37
Q

what causes mitral stenosis?

A

secondary to rheumatic fever

38
Q

what can chronic mitral stenosis cause?

A

LA dilatation

39
Q

describe PDA murmur

A

continuous machine like murmur

loudest at S2

40
Q

what causes PDA murmur?

A

congenital rubella

prematurity

Cardiovascular - step (8 decks)

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