Infectious diseases Flashcards
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The normal flora that supports the growth of obligate anaerobes in the large intestine:
A. Candida albicans
B. Helicobacter pylori
C. Bacteroides
D. Escherichia coli
D
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Microorganisms are not usually found in the:
A. Vagina
B. Lungs
C. Vocal cords
D. Distal 1/3 of urethra
B
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Permanent normal flora can be best described as:
A. Microbes found normally in blood, CNS, and other body fluids
B. Harmless microbial inhabitants
C. Microorganisms affected by desquamation
D. Pathogenic transient microbes
B
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Which statement describes the normal flora of the gut?
A. Microbial load increases from the stomach to the large intestine
B. Facultative anaerobes prevent growth of obligate aerobes
C. Stomach wall is sterile
D. Bile salts prevent the growth of Gram (-) bacteria
A
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Which of the following was the first human virus discovered?
A. Poliovirus
B. Tobacco mosaic virus
C. Food and mouth virus
D. Yellow fever virus
D
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Which of the following generalizations about viruses is true?
A. All DNA viruses have double-stranded linear
DNA
B. All DNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except poxviruses
C. RNA viruses with helical symmetry are enveloped
D. RNA viruses have single-stranded RNA except parvoviruses
C
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Which characteristic of viruses can produce an abortive type of infection?
A. Helical symmetry
B. Icosahedral symmetry
C. Naked viruses
D. Enveloped viruses
B
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The viral replication step that constitutes the eclipse period in a viral one-step growth curve is:
A. Absorption
B. Penetration
C. Uncoating
D. Maturation
C
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Which of the following viruses retains its infectivity even after uncoating?
A. Poliovirus
B. Rabies virus
C. Hepatits B virus
D. Herpes simplex virus
*
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Which RNA virus is capable of producing a latent infection like most DNA viruses?
A. Hepatitis B virus
B. Human immunodeficiency virus
C. Influenza virus
D. Herpes simplex virus
D
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Which of the following is a dimorphic fungi?
A. Candida spp.
B. Aspergillus spp.
C. Cryptococcus neoformans
D. Histoplasma spp.
D
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What is the thread-like tubular structure of a filamentous fungi?
A. Flagellum
B. Conidia
C. Hyphae
D. Phialide
C
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Superficial mycoses are found in the:
A. Dead layer of skin
B. Epidermis
C. Dermis
D. Subcutis
B
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Which is a causative agent for cutaneous mycoses?
A. Trichophyton
B. Trichosporon
C. Histoplasma
D. Exophiala
A
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Fungal reproductive spores are found in the:
A. Aerial mycelium
B. Vegetative hyphae
C. Foot cell
D. Conidiophore
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Viral damage to host cells will morphologically manifest mostly as
a) suppurative
b) necrotizing
c) granulomatous
d) cytopathic- cytoproliferation
D
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The following is mostly responsible for the pathogenesis of S. aureus
a) Surface glycoprotein
b) Possession of surface molecules
c) Methicillin resistance
d) Numerous plasmids
D
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TSS is mediated by
a) endotoxin of E. coli
b) Plasmid-mediated toxin of E.coli
c) plasmid mediated toxin of S. aureus
d) endotoxin of S. aureus
C
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Rheumatic fever and glumerulonephritis
a) HepA
b) B- hemolytic Strep
c) E. coli
d) measles
B
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Which among the ff describes cellulitis?
a) spreading superficial infection of skin
b) caused by B- hemolytic Strep
c) No systemic signs and symptom
A
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Scarlet fever is associated with
a) erypselas
b) cellulitis
c) tonsilolaryngitis
*
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Antibodies (protect/act) against this component:
a) pili
b) capsule
c) nucleus
d) DNA
B
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Caseating material in granulomas are mostly derived from
a) neutrophils
b) macrophages
c) lymphocytes
d) bacilli
C
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Ulceration and sometimes perforation of the ileum usually happens after how many weeks from onset of Typhoid fever?
a) 1 week
b) 2 weeks
c) 3 weeks
d) 4 weeks
C
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Enterotoxin responsible for illness in cholera:
a) Endotoxin
b) Exotoxin
c) Neurotoxin
d) Integral cell wall part
B
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Adult genococcal conjunctivitis is transmitted by:
a) sexual intercourse
b) autoinoculation
c) reactivation
d) mosquito
B
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Gonococcal salpingitis long term effects can include:
a) ectopic pregnancy
b) ovarian fibrosis
c) abortion
d) bacteremia
A
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During defervescence, the most feared complication is:
a) Thrombocytosis
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) endotoxic shock
B
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Most common pathogen in adult acute common cold like symptoms
a) rhinovirus
b) Influenza A
c) Haemophilus influenza
d) RSV
A
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Vaccine made by Salk is composed of:
a) formaldehyde-inactivated virus
b) attenuated trivalent viral culture
c) attenuated and inactivated virus
d) monovalent attenuated virus
A
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Viral damage to host cell is manifested by what inflammation?
a. Suppurative
b. Necotic
c. Granulomatous
d. Cytopathologic-Cytoproliferative inflammation
D
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A grade school patient exhibited a tan, rubbery to firm, cauliflower-like lesion of about 0.5 cm in diameter on her right palm. What is the etiology of this?
a. HPV 1
b. HPV 16
c. HPV 18
d. HPV11
A
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Which is the possible causative agent?
a. HSV
b. EBV
c. Dengue
d. HPV2
B
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Genital warts caused by HPV is usually caused by
a. Increased hormonal stimulation by estrogen
b. Increased production of virus in cells
c. Excessive stimulation of growth factor
d. AOTA
D
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The patient suddenly develops pneumonia. The following can be seen in the exudates of the lung.
A. Cowdry Type A nuclear inclusions
B. Warthin-Finkeldey cells
C. Negri bodies
D. Large ovoid eosinophilic nuclear inclusions
B
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Stain for HSV.
A. H&E
B. Wright’s stain
C. Periodic Acid-Schiff
D. Giemsa
D
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A classmate in med school developed flu like illness a few days after the start of the sem. A CBC showed WBC count of 15,000 cells per ml, 55% of which are lymphocytes. A peripheral blood smear has a no. of atypical forms. IgM antibodies to a certain virus were positive.
Which is the possible causative agent?
a. EBV
b. CMV
c. Dengue
d. HPV2
A
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Of the antibody above, the ff is likely :
A. responsible for clearing the virus from the human body
B. protective to the patient against future infection by the same virus
C. will decrease in titer in a few weeks
D. persist for life
D
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Caused by EBV
A. hepatocellular carcinoma
B. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
C. cervical carcinoma
D. leukemia
B
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In bacterial bronchopneumonia, the patient primaruly develops dyspnea because:
A. the airways are obstructed by mucus
B. the alveolar spaces are filled with mucus
C. the alveolar spaces are filled with exudate material
D. the airways undergo spasm
C
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The protein product of the gene which makes Staphylococcus aureus met resistant
A. mecA
B. PBP2A
C. SCCmec
D. coagulase
B
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A patient experienced rheumatic fever and immune complex glomerulonephritis after an infection. this is a characteristic of:
A. MRSA
B. Streptococcus
C. m. tuberculosis
B
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Genetic material for exotoxins of bacteria are likely found:
A. Nuclear DNA
B. RNA
C. Mitochondrial DNA
D. Plasmids
D
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What is a characteristic tuberculoid leprosy has:
a. Adequate T-cell mediated immunity
b. Adequate B-cell mediated immunity
A
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The pseudomembrane of bacillary dysentery is derived from:
a. necrosis of epithelial cell
b. granulomatous reaction
c. exudative material
d. cytoproliferative reaction
C
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Adult cases of gonorrheal conjunctivitis is transmitted by:
a. sexual intercourse
b. reactivation
c. auto-inoculation
d. mosquitoes
C
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Long-term complications of gonococcal salpingitis include:
a. ectopic pregnancy
b. ovarian fibrosis
c. abortion
d. bacteremia
A
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Most feared complication of Dengue in the defervescence state.
a. Thrombocytosis
b. Thrombocytopenia
c. Endotoxic Shock
d. Renal Failure
B
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Major cause of the common cold:
a. Respiratory Syncitial Virus
b. Coxsackie Virus
c. Rhinovirus
d. Herpes Simplex Virus
C
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Salk polio vaccine is composed of
a. formaldehyde inactivated virus
b. attenuated trivalent viral culture
c. combined inactivated and attenuated virus
d. monovalent attenuated virus
A
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Associated with squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
a. HPV type 16
b. HPV type 1
c. HSV type 1
d. HSV type 2
A
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A classmate in med school developed flu like illness a few days after the start of the sem. A cbcb showed wbc count of 15,000 cells per ml, 55% of which are lymphocytes. A peripheral blood smear has a no. Of atypical forms. IgM antibodies to a certain virus were positive.
Which is the possible causative agent?
a. HSV
b. EBV
c. Dengue
d. HPV2
B
COMPLETE SAMPLEX
A classmate in med school developed flu like illness a few days after the start of the sem. A cbcb showed wbc count of 15,000 cells per ml, 55% of which are lymphocytes. A peripheral blood smear has a no. Of atypical forms. IgM antibodies to a certain virus were positive.
Of the antibody above, the ff is likely :
a. responsible for clearing the virus from the human body
b. protective to the patient against future infection by the same virus
c. will decrease in titer in a few weeks
d. persist for life
D
COMPLETE SAMPLEX
A classmate in med school developed flu like illness a few days after the start of the sem. A cbcb showed wbc count of 15,000 cells per ml, 55% of which are lymphocytes. A peripheral blood smear has a no. Of atypical forms. IgM antibodies to a certain virus were positive.
Vibrio cholerae adherence and toxin genes are
produced by:
A. Plasmids
B. Glycoproteins
C. Salt Concentration
D. Iron Deprivation
D
COMPLETE SAMPLEX
A classmate in med school developed flu like illness a few days after the start of the sem. A cbcb showed wbc count of 15,000 cells per ml, 55% of which are lymphocytes. A peripheral blood smear has a no. Of atypical forms. IgM antibodies to a certain virus were positive.
What is the most likely sequelae of this disease?
a. hepatocellular carcinoma
b. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
c. cervical carcinoma
d. leukemia
B
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A classmate in med school developed flu like illness a few days after the start of the sem. A cbcb showed wbc count of 15,000 cells per ml, 55% of which are lymphocytes. A peripheral blood smear has a no. Of atypical forms. IgM antibodies to a certain virus were positive.
Measures that the disease will be resolved:
a. chronic persistence
b. after one-two weeks
c. after 4-6 weeks
d. after one month
C
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A 5 y.o. female presents with conjunctivitis, high grade fever, and rinorrhea. Pedia suspects causative agent is a ss enveloped RNA of the Paramyxoviridae family.
Transmission of disease is caused by
a. mosquito bite
b. autoinnoculation
c. respiratory droplets
d. intimate contact with case
C
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A 5 y.o. female presents with conjunctivitis, high grade fever, and rinorrhea. Pedia suspects causative agent is a ss enveloped RNA of the Paramyxoviridae family.
Viremia in this case is
a. persistent
b. transient
c. recurring
d, absent
B
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A 5 y.o. female presents with conjunctivitis, high grade fever, and rinorrhea. Pedia suspects causative agent is a ss enveloped RNA of the Paramyxoviridae family.
A defective form of the virus
a. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
b. brain tumor
c. subsclerosal panenchepalitis
d. burkitt lymphoma
C
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A 5 y.o. female presents with conjunctivitis, high grade fever, and rinorrhea. Pedia suspects causative agent is a ss enveloped RNA of the Paramyxoviridae family.
The cytophatology of viral infection include the following except:
a. hemogglutination
b. nucleated cell
c. rounding of cells in tissue
d. inclusion bodies in cytoplasm
e. inclusion bodies in nucleus
B
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An example of an oncogenic RNA virus is:
A. HTLV-1
B. HBV
C. EBV
D. HPV
A
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Cervical carcinoma is strongly related to infection
A. HPV 1
B. HPV 4
C. HPV 7
D. HPV 16
D
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Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) preferentially infects and immortalizes:
a. Tonsillar epithelium
b. Tonsillar stroma
c. B cell
d. T cell
C
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Clinical symptomatology of leptospirosis:
a. Granuloma formation
b. Abscesses
c. Vasculitis
d. Antigen-antibody complex
C
Pathology of Leptospirosis: characterized by the development of vasculitis, endothelial damage and
inflammatory infiltrates composed of monocytic cells, plasma cells, histiocytes and neutrophils.
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A man incurred a lesion from gardening and presented with an edematous leg, red, with ill-defined borders. This is probably due to:
a. exotoxin
b. endotoxin
c. allergic reactions
d. granulomatous inflammation
C
One of the manifestations of cellulitis (i.e. superficial infection of the skin) is an erythematous area with ill-defined margin over the lower limb. Cellulitis can be caused by infection with Streptococcus, which produces
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Two-year-old, hospitalized with the ff. symptoms: runny nose, occasional cough for 2 days. What is the etiologic agent causing the disease?
a. Haemophilus influenzae
b. RSV
c. Influenza virus A
d. Influenza virus B
A/D
Haemophilus influenzae is a pleiomorphic, gram-negative organism that is a major cause of life-threatening acute lower respiratory tract infections and meningitis in young children. Influenza virus B infects mostly children, who develop antibodies that prevent reinfection. (from Robbins, 8th ed)
Influenza virus A infects humans, pigs, horses, and birds and are the major cause of pandemic and epidemic influenza infections.
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60-year old man, hemoptysis cough, low-grade fever, lab showed bacilli. Hemoptysis due to:
a. hypersensitivity to cellular component
b. endotoxin
c. antigen- antibody reaction
d. vasculitis
A
Hemoptysis is defined as the expectoration (coughing up) of blood. (e.g. in tuberculosis), and its most common cause is a ruptured small blood vessel due to coughing or a bronchial infection. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is a bacillus. During infection, type IV hypersensitivity is induced.
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Gram-negative bacilli causing dysentery with exudate production on colonic mucosa:
a. Kleibsiella
b. Campylobacter
c. Shigella
d. Vibrio
C
In bacillary dysentery by Shigella, colonic mucosa is hyperemic and edematous, with hyperplastic lymphoid follicles that project into lumen, producing
fibrinosupportive exudate that soon covers the mucosa. (from Infectious Disease Trans)
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Of the following, which is notorious for causing post-infective syndromes?
a. Staphylococcus
b. Streptococcus
c. Leptospira
d. Haemophilus influenza
B
Streptococcus is responsible for a number of post-infectious syndromes including rheumatic fever, immune
complex glomerulonephritis, and erythema nodosum.
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A throat swab from a patient was inoculated on sheep blood agar plate. Which is more likely to grow after sufficient time?
a. influenza virus
b. Streptococcus
c. Leptopspira
d. measles
B
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A toxin that causes hemorrhagic colitis and is found in infections of:
a. Vibrio cholerae
b. Shigella shiga
c. Salmonella typhi
d. Salmonella entiritidis
B
Shiga toxin causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome by damaging endothelial cells in the microvasculature of the color and the glomeruli, respectively. (from Robbins, 6th ed)
COMPLETE SAMPLEX
A classmate in med school developed flu like illness a few days after the start of the sem. A cbcb showed wbc count of 15,000 cells per ml, 55% of which are lymphocytes. A peripheral blood smear has a no. Of atypical forms. IgM antibodies to a certain virus were positive. Which is the possible causative agent?
a. HSV
b. EBV
c. Dengue
d. HPV2
B
