Infectious diseases Flashcards
Explain the pathogenesis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis disease
Describe the mechanism of action, indication and side effects of remdesivir, and GS-441524
Remdesivir is the prodrug of GS-441524. It is quickly metabolised by the body into its mono-phosphate adenosine form, which is further converted into a triphosphate intracellularly. There, it mimics adenine, and is incorporated into viral DNA.
Indicated for treatment of FIP in cats.
Side effects include pain on injection, and mild injection site reactions, and urolithiasis
Describe the pathogenesis of heartworm
Referring to its mechanisms of causing lung pathology
Canine heartworm is caused by the nematode Dirofilaria immitis. Migration of the L5 larvae and maturation into adult form within the peripheral pulmonary arteries, particularly the accessory and caudal lobes, results in immunological reaction.
Typically, endothelial swelling from the worms results in increased intercellular space, which increases endothelial permeability and causes periarterial oedema. Platelet aggregation, as well as leukocyte adhesion from endothelial damage. Trophic factors released encourages smooth muscle cell migration to intima, and proliferation. Will also get endothelial and collagen lining the intima, resulting in characteristic villous myo-intimal hyperplasia. These changes cause further periarterial oedema. This endoarteritis results in narrowing of the pulmonary artery lumen.
Death of worms can result in thrombus/ thromboembolism, and release of Wolbachia spp. bacteria. Wolbachia surface proteins can increase antigenic stimulation.
What is caval syndrome? What is the pathophysiology of caval syndrome?
