Infectious Diseases Flashcards
MVA
Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara
MVA vaccine first developed in
1970s
MVA discovery
1953 by Anton Mayr, a virologist at Federal Research Institute for Animal Virus Diseases in Germany
VACV
Conventional Vaccinia Virus
Upon the ___ CEF passage the virus was renamed MVA and transferred to the ___ for evaluation as a safer smallpox vaccine in clinical trials
516th, Bavarian State Vaccine Institute in Munich
The coding sequences for the E.coli enzymes ___ and ____ served as the first heterologous genes to be inserted and expressed at the site of ___ in the MVA gene
B- galactosidase, guaninephosphoribosyl-transferase, deletion III
A first MVA vector VACCINE was constructed and tested that simultaneously expressed in the __ and ___ genes of influenza A virus
HA, NP (Nucleoprotein)
The natural deletion __ within the MVA genome was successfully used as insertion site to express recombinant bacteriophage ___
2, T7 RNA polymerase
Thymidine Kinase locus
A well-exploited insertion site in replication competent VACV-vectors, likewise served to generate recombinant MVA delivering antigens of HIV-1 or Plasmodium Berghei
Idea of nucleic acid vaccine was proposed in
Early 1990s
In ___ first NA vaccine was developed against Herpes Simplex type 2 by ___
1993, university of Wisconsin-Madison
Late 1990s
First DNA vaccine Developed against HIV , induced response in human
Phase 1 trails
Overview of clinical trails of NA vaccines
- Pfizer and Moderna
- Fluzone high dose ..
- Testing of vaccine against Ebola
- BNT111
Pfizer and Moderna Vaccines had undergone large scale phase _ trials (overview of clinical trials)
3
Fluzone High Dose for Influenza was found ___ more effective than standard vaccine (clinical trials overview)
24.2%
Fluzone clinical trials conducted in US in 2014-2015 on over
30K participants
The vaccine against Ebola was tested and confirmed on Ebola patients in ____
2018-2019 (97.5% effective)
__ that targets tumour associated antigens was shown safe and well tolerated in phase __ for advanced Melanoma
BNT111, 1
Notably among them is the ____, a recombinant FWPV that express the H5antigen of avian influenza virus.
Trovac AI H5
A coronavirus vaccine known as ______ was developed by the University of Oxford and AstraZeneca to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222
Replication deficient___ vector expressing hemagglutinin antigen of avian influenza virus and a toll-like ___ has been found to induce antigen-specific immune responses in humans.
AdHu5, receptor 3 ligands
Another novel approach is to use a _____vector expressing artificial microRNAs to target matrix proteins or nucleoproteins of the influenza virus
chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC68)-based
Trivalent AdHu5 vector expressing three HIV antigens, ____ is the most widely studied HIV vaccine worldwide.
gag, pol, and nef,
Chimpanzee adenovirus (serotypes ___)-based vectors expressing gag, pol, and nef antigens have shown promising results in the murine model.
3 and 63
The most widely studied adenovirus-based tuberculosis vaccine is ______, and the expression is controlled by the cytomegalovirus promoter.
E1/E2 depleted AdHu5 vector expressing immunodominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85A
This drawback can be subsided by using less prevalent serotypes, such as human adenovirus ___. (TB vaccine)
serotype 35
One such vaccine is ____, which is developed using the AdHu35 vector expressing three different antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under the control of the ____ promoter.
rAd35-TBS, cytomegalovirus.
Adenovirus-based vaccines are prepared by inserting a ____ into the adenoviral backbone through direct cloning or homologous recombination.
transgene cassette
