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Paeds > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How does diptheria present

A

Fever
Sore throat
Cough
Recent travel
Cervical lymphadenopathy- very bulky

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2
Q

Main complication of diptheria

A

Myocarditis- presents with tachycardia out of proportion or with HB

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3
Q

What suspect if grey exudate on tonsils

A

Diphteria

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4
Q

Organism causing diphteria

A

Gram positive bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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5
Q

What presents with bulky (bull neck) lymphadenopathy

A

Diphteria

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6
Q

Investigation for diphteria

A

culture of throat swab

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7
Q

Management of diphteria

A

Diphteria antitoxin
IM penicillin

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8
Q

Management of EBV

A

Bed rest and analgesia
School inclusion not necessary
Admission if dehydration or splenic rupture

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9
Q

Complications of EBV

A

Splenic rupture
Dehydration

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10
Q

White exudate
Palatal petechiae
Splenomegaly
Cervical lymphadenopathy

A

EBV

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11
Q

Investigations for EBV

A

Over 12 in second week do blood film- see over 20% atypical (activated) lymphocytes
Under 12- if ill over a week do serology

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12
Q

Management of measles (uncomplicated)

A

Advise about fluid intake
Paracetamol and NSAID
School exclusion until 4 days after rash development
Safety net about pneumonia and encephalitis

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13
Q

When to admit with measles

A

Signs of pneuomonia or encephalitis
Infant
Immunocompromised

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14
Q

What adjunct can be used in management of measles if under 2

A

Vitamin A
Ask paediatrician for advice

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15
Q

If suspect rubella how investigate

A

Ensure do not live with someone who is pregnant
Oral fluid sample for NAAT

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16
Q

How is rubella managed

A

Adequate fluid intake
Paracetamol or NSAID

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17
Q

Complications of mumps

A

Epididymo-orchitis
Pancreatitis
Meningitis
Oophrotis

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18
Q

Mumps presentation

A

Parotitis
Coryza

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19
Q

Mumps management

A

Oral fluid intake
Paracetamol
NSAID
Review in 1 week
Safety net about meningitis and epidiymo-orchitis

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20
Q

Management of mumps if very immunocompromised/HIV but no immunisation

A

MMR vaccine

21
Q

When is only time admit for mumps

A

If meningitis or encephalitis in a child
Red flag signs

22
Q

Presentation of malaria

A

Fever- can be cyclical
D&V
Flu like symptoms
Jaundice
Severe fatigue

23
Q

Blood findings of malaria

A

Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia

24
Q

Diagnosing malaria

A

Thick and thin blood films

25
Q

Presentation of typhoid

A

1st week
Headaches
Cough
Abdo pain
Wt loss
Rash- rose spots

2nd week
Constipation and diarrhoea

26
Q

What are rose spots seen in

A

Typhoid

27
Q

Difference between travellers diarrhoea and dysentery

A

Travellers diarrhoea- diarrhoea from rotavirus, ecoli most likely
Dystentery- diarrhoea with mucous or blood

28
Q

Causes of bloody diarrhoea

A

CHESS
Campylobacter
Haemorragic e coli
Entamoeba histolytica
Salmonellla
Shigella

29
Q

What is dengue shock syndrome

A

when a previously infected child has a subsequent infection with a serologically different strain of the virus. Unfortunately, the partially effective host immune response serves to augment the severity of the infection. The child presents with severe capillary leak syndrome leading to
hypotension as well as haemorrhagic manifestations

30
Q

What do if monospot comes back negative but EBV still suspected

A

Repeat in 5-7 days
If urgent diagnosis required ie immediate return to contact sports then do serology

31
Q

What is the management of lymphadenitis

A

Mild- oral co-amoxiclav and follow up 2 days later
Severe (systemically unwell- fever, vomiting)- IV co-amoxiclav and consider USS

32
Q

How does lymphadenitis present

A

Preceded by infection like tonsillitis or URTI
Then get acutely swollen lymph node which is tender and painful

33
Q

Hep A presentation

A

Abdo pain
Diarrhoea
Jaundice
Joint pains

34
Q

When do meningococcus and pneumococcus take over as most common cause of meningitis

A

1 month
Meningococcus the most common in all of childhood

35
Q

How does viral gastroenteritis tend to present

A

Vomiting very common

36
Q

Why is hypertonic saline used in bronchiolitis

A

Improve wheezing

37
Q

Where is lymphadenopathy in rubella

A

Suboccipital
Post auricular

38
Q

Management of malaria

A

Falciparum
- mild= ACT (Artemisinin Combination Therapy)
- severe= IV artenusate
Non-falciparum
- IV chloroquinine

39
Q

Dengue fever presentation

A

Fever
Myalgia
Sunburn like rash
Retrorbital headache
Hepatomegaly

40
Q

Investigation for dengue

A

PCR viral antigen

41
Q

Chicken pox management if immunocompromised

A

IV aciclovir

42
Q

What can cause BCG scar to become inflammed

A

Kawasaki

43
Q

Teenager presents with cyanosis after being born abroad

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

44
Q

Why are preterm infants more at risk of infection

A

Most IgG passed in the third trimester

45
Q

How long off school in mumps

A

5 days from onset

46
Q

When give oral aciclovir in chickenpox

A

Under 1 month
Over 14 if within 1 day of rash starting

47
Q

How does varicella encephalitis present

A

With cerebellitis- neurological symptoms related to this

48
Q

When are you non-infectious with B19

A

As soon as rash appears

49
Q

What is novel marker of bacterial sepsis

A

Procalcitonin

Paeds (17 decks)

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