Infectious Disease Quiz 1

Question 1

Causative agent of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 1

Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 2

Virulence factors of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 2

Thick polysaccharide capsule

Question 3

Pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 3

Encapsulated pneumococci inhaled into alveoli and multiply rapidly, cause inflammatory response and pleurisy

Question 4

Treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 4

Penicillin, erythromycin, vaccine available

Question 5

Symptoms of klebsiella pneumonia

Answer 5

Grossly bloody sputum

Question 6

Causative agent of klebsiella

Answer 6

Klebsiella pneumonia

Question 7

Treatment for klebsiella pneumonia

Answer 7

Cephalosporin with an aminoglycoside

Question 8

Virulence factors of klebsiella

Answer 8

Capsule and adhesins

Question 9

Fatality rate 50%

Answer 9

Klebsiella

Question 10

Influenza

Answer 10

Incubation period is less than two days, headache, fever, sore throat, muscle pain, dry cough. Acute symptoms last a week.

Question 11

Virulence factors of influenza

Answer 11

Inhalation of influenza a in orthonyxovirus family. Virion attaches enters cells via endocytosis, HA attaches to receptors on host epithelial cells, NA destroys surface receptors that bind to budding virion ma

Question 12

HA and NA

Answer 12

Hemagglutin antigen and nueraminidase antigen are glycoproteins spikes embedded in envelope of flu virus

Question 13

Seasonal influenza

Answer 13

Caused by antigenic drift which are minor mutation in HA and NA genes, often a signal amino acid

Question 14

Pandemic influenza

Answer 14

Caused by antigenic shift. This is uncommon but a concurrent infection allows a mixture of eight rna segments. The human strains gain novel HA OR NA antigens

Question 15

3 characteristics of pandemic causing agent

Answer 15

Infectious for humans who have no herd immunity
Causes severe disease
Spreads easily from person to person

Question 16

Treatment of influenza

Answer 16

Antivirals and vaccines
Multitalented vaccines are against the three most important strains in circulation. 80-90% effective but new one is required each year because of drift

Question 17

Three major groups of microorganisms that make up normal microbiota of the skin

Answer 17

Diptheroids (oily regions)
Staphylococci (salt tolerant)
Malassezia (tiny lipid dependent yeasts)

Question 18

Normal microbiota on skin pros

Answer 18

Use substances in sweat as nutrients and their by products inhibit other microbes

Question 19

Normal microbiota skin cons

Answer 19

Opportunistic pathogens

Body odor

Question 20

Skin diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus

Answer 20

Hair follicle infections (boils, carbuncles)

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Question 21

Skin diseases caused by varicella zoster virus

Answer 21

Chicken pox and shingles

Question 22

Diseases caused by rubeola virus

Answer 22

Measles

Question 23

Pathogensis and symptoms of Scalded skin syndrome

Answer 23

S aureus strain produce a toxin, exofoliatin, that is carried by bloodstream and attacks large areas by causing outer layer of skin to peel off

Symptoms: within 48 hrs of redness skin becomes wrinkled and fluid filled blisters develop

Question 24

Pathogenesis and symptoms of varicella

Answer 24

Mutiplication of virus in upper respiratory tract followed by dissemination via bloodstream to the skin, giant cell formation, itchy bumps and blisters in various stages, fever

Question 25

How does varicella replicate in cells

Answer 25

Forms intramuscular inclusion bodies where virus reproduce

Some infected cells fuse
Some infected cells swell

Question 26

Shingles

Answer 26

Varicella zoster virus enters the nerve and travels to ganglia near the spine, if cell mediated immunity shows decline the virus can become reactivated

Question 27

Pathogensis and symptoms of measles

Answer 27

Fine red rash, fever, runny nose, cough, red eyes
Rubeola virus is enveloped and has hemagglutin attachment and fusion protein. Acquired via respiratory tract and spreads to lymphatic tissue, rash results. KOPLIK SPOTS of mucous membranes are identifying feature

Question 28

Virulence factors of staph aureus

Answer 28

Inhibit phagocytosis (protein a)
Allow attachment and colonization
Enzymes break down host tissues
Toxins that damage host

Question 29

Reye’s syndrome

Answer 29

Caused by chicken pox and characterized by liver and brain damage
Very rare

Question 30

Treatment of chickenpox/shingles

Answer 30

Antivirals acyclovir and famiclovir

Vaccine

Question 31

Shibasaburo kitasato

Answer 31

Studied tetanus showed bacterial toxin is responsible

Question 32

Incisions

Answer 32

Produced by knife

Question 33

Punctures

Answer 33

Result from penetration of small sharp object

Question 34

Lacerations

Answer 34

Tissue torn

Question 35

Contusion

Answer 35

Blow that crushes tissue

Question 36

Abrasion

Answer 36

Epidermis scraped off

Question 37

Burns

Answer 37

Caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, friction

Question 38

Collagen

Answer 38

Fibrous material main supportive protein of skin, tendons scars and other body structure

Question 39

Fibronectin

Answer 39

Fibrous glycoproteins found in circulating form and as binding component of tissues

Question 40

Fibrinogen

Answer 40

Blood protein converted to fibrin which forms clots in damaged vessels

Question 41

Wound healing

Answer 41

Begins with fibroblasts- granulation tissues, shrinks converted to collagen

Question 42

Abscess

Answer 42

Localized pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

Question 43

Bacteria causes of wound infection

Answer 43

Staph aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Psuedemonas aeruginosa

Question 44

Treatment of tetanus

Answer 44

Human tetanus immune globulin injection-
Antibiotics bind to free toxin molecules provide passive immunity but do not neutralize attached tetanospin or repair nerve damage