Infectious Disease, Exotic Conditions, Bioterror Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary bacteria involved in tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis; obligate aerobe

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2
Q

What % of TB cases occur in the lungs?

A

~90%

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3
Q

What are the 4 most common s\s of TB?

A

fever, weight loss, night sweats, fatigue

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4
Q

What is the Mantoux Skin Test?

A

skin test for TB

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5
Q

When does the results of the mantoux skin test need to be examined?

A

within 48-72 hours

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6
Q

What indicates a positive mantoux skin test? HIV patients?

A

induration > 10mm; AIDS induration > 5mm

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7
Q

What presentation on a chest radiograph is indicative of severe tuberculosis?

A

cavitation

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8
Q

Where will infiltrates most commonly be seen on a chest radiograph?

A

apical infiltrates

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9
Q

What are the 2 most common antibiotics prescribed for TB?

A

rifampicin and isoniazid

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10
Q

Why is it suggested that only “highly susceptible” populations or individuals receive the TB vaccination (bacillus Calmette-Guerin–BCG)?

A

it makes the TB skin test falsely positive; may not confer immunity (and the immunity it does induce decreases after 10 years)

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11
Q

Which toxin involved in c-diff is the most cytotoxic?

A

Toxin B is 1000x more cytotoxic than A

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12
Q

After how many days of antibiotic therapy does a patients risk of c-diff double?

A

after 3 days

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13
Q

What is the difference in c-diff colonization and infection?

A

both test + for c-diff organism and/or toxin; colonization is MORE COMMON; infection occurs with + test and presentation of clinical symptoms: watery diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain/distention

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14
Q

What is the primary cause of malaria?

A

parasitic protozoans of genus Plasmodium; female mosquito (anopheles gambiae)

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15
Q

CDC has identified 3 categories of bioterror agents and diseases. What are included in these categories?

A

A: anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, viral hemorrhagic fevers
B: brucellosis, food safety threats, ricin toxin
C: emerging diseases such as Hanta virus or Nipah virus

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16
Q

What are the main differences in the CDC classes for bioterror agents?

A

A: highest priority… easily disseminated or transmissible… high mortality
B: moderately easy to disseminate; moderate morbidity and low mortality
C: emerging pathogens with potential for availability, easy of production/dissemination, high morbidity and mortality