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753 - SA ISID > Infectious Disease DDx for Vomiting & Diarrhea (Lappin) > Flashcards

Infectious Disease DDx for Vomiting & Diarrhea (Lappin) Flashcards

1
Q

Puppy with small bowel diarrhea, 8 micron cysts on fecal. Likely bug?

A

Giardia

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2
Q

Which virus is a likely cause of diarrhea and respiratory signs in an unvaccinated 18 wk puppy?

A

Distemper

also causes CNS dz

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3
Q

Core viral GI infections

Dog

Cat

A

Dog:

  • parvovirus
  • coronavirus
  • distemper virus

Cat

  • panleukopenia (parvovirus)
  • coronavirus (enteric or FIP)
  • FeLV (MST 3 yrs)
  • FIV (MST 8 yrs)
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4
Q

Vomiting, bloody diarrhea, PCV 70%… whats the bug?

A

Clostridium perfringens

Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis syndrome!

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5
Q

Which GI bacteria is most likely to cause vomiting without diarrhea?

A

Helicobacter

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6
Q

Boxer Colitis is caused by…

How do we tx?

A

E coli

Histiocytic if you biopsy them

Tx: Enrofloxacin (Baytril) - 10 mg/kg, PO, q 24h for 8 WEEKS

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7
Q

Core GI infections (dogs) Bacterial

A
  • Helicobacter spp
  • Salmonella spp
  • Campylobacter spp
  • E coli
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Bacterial overgrowth
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8
Q

Which two bacteria are usually seen in dogs fed raw chicken?

A

Campylobacter and Salmonella

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9
Q

Which of the following is passed as eggs in feces?

a. Giardia
b. Tritrichomonas
c. Isospora
d. Toxocara

A

Toxocara!

a. Giardia
- cyst
b. Tritrichomonas
- trophozoites
c. Isospora
- oocysts for all the coxidiums
d. Toxocara
- worms tend to be eggs

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10
Q

Hosts for…

Toxoplasma
Plague
Tularemia

A

Toxo - rodents

Plague - prairie dogs

Tularemia - bunnies

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11
Q

Core GI infectious - Nematodes/Eggs

A
  • Ancylostoma spp
  • Uncinaria stenocephala
  • Strongyloides spp
  • Toxocara spp
  • Toxascaris leonina
  • Balisascaris procyonis
  • Trichuris vulpis
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12
Q

Nematode that causes melena in stool

A

Hookworms

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13
Q

Nematode that causes frank blood in stool. They are intermittent shedders (can have false negative tests)

A

Whip worms (Trichuris vulpis)

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14
Q

Core GI infections - Coccidians/Oocyts

A
  • Toxoplasma gondii: get from a cat
  • Cryptosporidium spp: get from a cow
  • Isospora (Cystoisospora) spp: not zoonotic
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15
Q

Core GI infections - Flagellates

A
  • Giardia spp: cysts and trophozoites

- Tritrichomonas foetus: trophozoites

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16
Q

Which two worms are harmful to kiddos? This is why we should do annual fecals on dogs

A

Rounds and whipworms

17
Q

Core GI infections - Ciliate/Cyst and trophozoites

A
  • Balantidium coli: ZOONOTIC, large bowel diarrhea in pigs, not detected in cats
18
Q

Core GI infections - Amoeba/Cyst and trophozoite

A
  • Entamoeba histolytica

- Rare in dogs and cats

19
Q

Which bug is transmitted by INGESTING the flea?

A

Dipylidium (tapeworm)

20
Q

Which bug is transmitted by INGESTING the bunny?

A

Taenia

21
Q

Core GI infections

Cestodes - Eggs

A
  • Echinococcus spp
    carnivorism
  • Dipylidium caninum
    eating fleas
  • Taenia spp
    carnivorism
22
Q

Which of these is unlikely to be zoonotic?

  • Toxocara
  • Ancylostoma
  • Balisascaris
  • Trichuris
A

Trichuris!

23
Q

Minimum fecal diagnostic plan - infectious diarrhea

A
  1. Fecal floatation
    - oocysts, eggs, cysts
  2. Wet mount
    - trophozoites
    (giardia - small bowel cats and dogs)
    (tritrichomonas foetus - large bowel kittens)
  3. Rectal cytology
    - neutrophils or eosinophils
    - spore forming rods
    - spirochetes
24
Q

How do we test for parvo?

A

Ag ELISA

25
Q

How do we test for giardia?

A

Ag ELISA or IFA

26
Q

How do we test for Cryptosporidium?

A

IFA

27
Q

How do we test for Salmonella and Campylobacter?

A

Fecal culture

28
Q

How do we test for bacterial overgrowth and malabsorption?

A

B12 and folate

29
Q

How do we test for Clostridium perfringens?

A

Enterotoxin test

  • not a primary pathogen by itself, doesn’t cause chronic dz. Look into IBD, etc
30
Q

What about Fecal PCR….

What do we use it for?

A
  1. Giardia - only for genotyping
  2. Tritrichomonas - but we can usually find it on wet mounts
  3. Parvo - Ag test works fine, PCR only to amplify vaccine strains
31
Q

Which of the following drugs for Giardia is most likely to induce CNS toxicity?

Fenbendazole
Metronidazole
Febantel
Nitazoxanide

A

Metronidazole

32
Q

What drug is best for tapeworms?

A

Praziquantel

753 - SA ISID (20 decks)

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