Infectious Disease DDx for Vomiting & Diarrhea (Lappin) Flashcards
Puppy with small bowel diarrhea, 8 micron cysts on fecal. Likely bug?
Giardia
Which virus is a likely cause of diarrhea and respiratory signs in an unvaccinated 18 wk puppy?
Distemper
also causes CNS dz
Core viral GI infections
Dog
Cat
Dog:
- parvovirus
- coronavirus
- distemper virus
Cat
- panleukopenia (parvovirus)
- coronavirus (enteric or FIP)
- FeLV (MST 3 yrs)
- FIV (MST 8 yrs)
Vomiting, bloody diarrhea, PCV 70%… whats the bug?
Clostridium perfringens
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis syndrome!
Which GI bacteria is most likely to cause vomiting without diarrhea?
Helicobacter
Boxer Colitis is caused by…
How do we tx?
E coli
Histiocytic if you biopsy them
Tx: Enrofloxacin (Baytril) - 10 mg/kg, PO, q 24h for 8 WEEKS
Core GI infections (dogs) Bacterial
- Helicobacter spp
- Salmonella spp
- Campylobacter spp
- E coli
- Clostridium perfringens
- Bacterial overgrowth
Which two bacteria are usually seen in dogs fed raw chicken?
Campylobacter and Salmonella
Which of the following is passed as eggs in feces?
a. Giardia
b. Tritrichomonas
c. Isospora
d. Toxocara
Toxocara!
a. Giardia
- cyst
b. Tritrichomonas
- trophozoites
c. Isospora
- oocysts for all the coxidiums
d. Toxocara
- worms tend to be eggs
Hosts for…
Toxoplasma
Plague
Tularemia
Toxo - rodents
Plague - prairie dogs
Tularemia - bunnies
Core GI infectious - Nematodes/Eggs
- Ancylostoma spp
- Uncinaria stenocephala
- Strongyloides spp
- Toxocara spp
- Toxascaris leonina
- Balisascaris procyonis
- Trichuris vulpis
Nematode that causes melena in stool
Hookworms
Nematode that causes frank blood in stool. They are intermittent shedders (can have false negative tests)
Whip worms (Trichuris vulpis)
Core GI infections - Coccidians/Oocyts
- Toxoplasma gondii: get from a cat
- Cryptosporidium spp: get from a cow
- Isospora (Cystoisospora) spp: not zoonotic
Core GI infections - Flagellates
- Giardia spp: cysts and trophozoites
- Tritrichomonas foetus: trophozoites
Which two worms are harmful to kiddos? This is why we should do annual fecals on dogs
Rounds and whipworms
Core GI infections - Ciliate/Cyst and trophozoites
- Balantidium coli: ZOONOTIC, large bowel diarrhea in pigs, not detected in cats
Core GI infections - Amoeba/Cyst and trophozoite
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Rare in dogs and cats
Which bug is transmitted by INGESTING the flea?
Dipylidium (tapeworm)
Which bug is transmitted by INGESTING the bunny?
Taenia
Core GI infections
Cestodes - Eggs
- Echinococcus spp
carnivorism - Dipylidium caninum
eating fleas - Taenia spp
carnivorism
Which of these is unlikely to be zoonotic?
- Toxocara
- Ancylostoma
- Balisascaris
- Trichuris
Trichuris!
Minimum fecal diagnostic plan - infectious diarrhea
- Fecal floatation
- oocysts, eggs, cysts - Wet mount
- trophozoites
(giardia - small bowel cats and dogs)
(tritrichomonas foetus - large bowel kittens) - Rectal cytology
- neutrophils or eosinophils
- spore forming rods
- spirochetes
How do we test for parvo?
Ag ELISA
How do we test for giardia?
Ag ELISA or IFA
How do we test for Cryptosporidium?
IFA
How do we test for Salmonella and Campylobacter?
Fecal culture
How do we test for bacterial overgrowth and malabsorption?
B12 and folate
How do we test for Clostridium perfringens?
Enterotoxin test
- not a primary pathogen by itself, doesn’t cause chronic dz. Look into IBD, etc
What about Fecal PCR….
What do we use it for?
- Giardia - only for genotyping
- Tritrichomonas - but we can usually find it on wet mounts
- Parvo - Ag test works fine, PCR only to amplify vaccine strains
Which of the following drugs for Giardia is most likely to induce CNS toxicity?
Fenbendazole
Metronidazole
Febantel
Nitazoxanide
Metronidazole
What drug is best for tapeworms?
Praziquantel
