Infectious and Immune Dz's Flashcards
Infectious agents that cause Hemolytic Anemia
- Hemoplasmas (dogs and cats)
- Bartonella spp (dogs, maybe)
- Babesia spp (dogs)
- Cytauxzoon felis (cats)
- Ehrlichia spp (dogs and cats, maybe)
A dog presents with signs of depression and lethargy. A CBC documents anemia with >60,000 reticulocytes and no evidence of blood loss. A few spherocytes are seen and possible organisms were ini RBC. The dog had been bitten by a pitbull 2 weeks ago.
What’s the bug?
What’s the vector?
Babesia!
Babesia gibsoni
Vector = Rhipicephalus (brown dog tick)
The vector for the three Babesia spp found in the USA (vogeli, gibsoni, and conradae) is?
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Brown dog tick
Babesia in cats… is it seen here in US?
Very rarely we see B. vogeli
Babesiosis
- ___ and ___ anemia
- _____ is better in the acute phase; _____ is better in the chronic phase
- B. vogeli (canis) is treated with _____
- B. gibsoni is treated with ____ and _____
Fever and hemolytic anemia
PCR is better in the acute phase; serology is better in the chronic phase
- B. vogeli is treated with Imidocarb dipropionate (
- B. gibsoni is treated with Azithromycin or Atovaquone, at least 10 days
Blood cytology - cat with Babesia
Agglutination
Little bugs on the outside edge of the cell
Hemoplasma same as mycoplasma
3 year old, outdoor cat in CO; PCV = 9%. Likely bug?
Mycoplasma hemofelis
Cytauxzoon felis is caused by ______; do we have these in CO?
Amblyoma tick
Nope
Do we have Babesia felis here?
Nope! Its in S. Africa
The only one we see is B. vogeli - which is pretty rare
Whats the main bug that causes Hemoplasmosis in cats? dogs?
Cats = Mycoplasma haemofelis
Dogs = Mycoplasma haemocanis (pretty rare)
Hemoplasmosis
- basic signs of anemia
- main sign in both acute and chronic stage?
- How do we dx?
- How do we tx?
Main sign is FEVER
Dx = Cytology and PCR (pcr is most sensitive)
Tx = Doxycycline and Quinolones
1 year old, MC, outdoor cat in Oklahoma. He has acute onset, fever, dyspnea, anemia, and pale mucous membranes.
Whats the bug?
Cytauxzoon felis
Cytauxzoon felis
- Definitive host?
- How is it transmitted?
- Clinical signs
- Dx?
- Tx?
- Bobcat is DH
- Transmitted by Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum)
- CS: fever, shock, anemia, death
- Dx: organism demonstration, +/- PCR
- Tx: Atovaquone, Azithromycin
What do we think of when we hear a pet is “stiff”?
- muscle pain
- jt pain
- meningeal pain
- bone pain
- parenchymal pain
Hunting cat, “stiff’, with uveitis in CO.
What’s the bug?
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis - Fatal syndromes
- Immunosuppressed
- Transplacental or neonatal infection
- liver
- lung
- brain
- Fading Kitten Syndrome
Toxoplasmosis - Chronic
CS
- fever
- anterior or posterior UVEITIS
- hyperesthesia
- CNS dz
- hepatic/pancreatic dz
- resp dz
- dermatologic (rare)
Cats most common than dogs
Clinical Toxoplasmosis
- CBC
- Chem
- Fecal
CBC:
- nonregen anemia
- neutrophillic leukocytosis
- neutropenia
- lymphocytosis
- monocytosis
Chem:
- inc Bilirubin
- High ALT/AST
- inc CK
- polyclonal gammopathy
Fecal:
- usually negative when CS develop
How do we Dx Toxoplasmosis?
PCR is best (aqueous humor, CSF, BAL/aspirates/tissues)
Serology?
- just shows exposure… need to have multiple
How do we treat Toxoplasmosis?
- Clindamycin**
- Trimethoprim sulfa
- Azithromycin
How do we treat the ocular dz assoc’d with Toxoplasmosis?
Topical glucocorticoids
if resistant to topical… use oral glucocorticoids
Ranch puppy, ascending “stiff” paralysis, previous abortion in the bitch. Bug?
Neospora caninum
(ranch –> access to cow placentas)
*if you have puppies with ascending NM dz… save money and test mom
How do we dx Canine Neosporosis?
Histopathology
PCR (can do in combo with Toxo)
IHC
How do we treat Neospora in dogs? How long?
Clindamycin AND Trimethoprim-sulfa for 4 weeks
*its a bad disease in puppies –> hit it hard with two drugs
**the neuro state they are in will be as good as they get –> we are treating to stop progression of disease
