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753 - SA ISID > Infectious Causes > Flashcards

Infectious Causes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the new and better name for Kennel Cough?

A

Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex

CIRD

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2
Q

Viral causes of CIRD (major)

A
  • parainfluenza
  • adenovirus 2
  • CIV**
  • distemper
  • coronavirus**
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3
Q

Bacterial causes of CIRD (major)

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica **
  • Mycoplasma group **
  • Strep equi
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4
Q

Resp PCR Panels are

A

Best bargain

but…

  • no correlation between CS and +
  • herd health
  • prolonged cases

*still better than random nasal culture swabs

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5
Q

CIRD

  • incubation
  • shedding
  • transmission
  • dx
A

incubation < 1 wk

Shedding - most ~2 wks

Aerosol, direct, fomites

Dx:

  • CS
  • Further dx
  • systemic illness
  • herd health
  • significant comorbidities
  • cadillac
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6
Q

CIRD - Treatment

A

Pretty much like us… Supportive Care

If its goes on >10days or is systemic, should start Abx (Doxy)

  • if you culture and its Bord –> Doxy
  • if you don’t culture –> use more broad spectrum
  • avoid antivirals
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7
Q

CO is endemic for _____

A

influenza

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8
Q

Whats crazy about Bordetella?

A

Can shed for weeks to months!

*Subclinical carrier state

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9
Q

Treatment for Bodetellosis

A

Abx

  • If you test and its Bord –> Doxy to treat systemic
  • if you don’t sample and its systemic –> use more broad-spectrum
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10
Q

Different kinds of vaccines (route) for Bordetella. How frequent should we be vaccinating?

A

Annually is usually okay

If they are high-risk probably give more often (bi-annual)

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11
Q

Whats the old vs new Canine Influenza subtypes?

A

Old = H3N8

New = H3N2 (spreading)

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12
Q

Canine influenza

Mortality, morbidity, CS

A

High morbidity

Low mortality

CS: 
HIGH fever (103.5), chronic cough (14-21 days), peracute cases: hemorrhagic pneumonia
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13
Q

CIV (H3N8) - Shedding

A

Usually have been shedding a whole day before CS appear

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14
Q

Dx for influenza?

A

Cornell Dx Lab –> Tests for both H3:N8 and H3:N2 for $30
- Hemaglutination Inhibition (Serology)
○ ANTIBODY detection
○ Send serum samples –> best to send paired (more than one) to see if there is an increase in Abs

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15
Q

Infleunza and PCR

A

False-negatives

Shedding peaks before we see pet in clinic

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16
Q

Influenza

Prevention

A

Enveloped RNA - wimp!
bleach and quaternary ammonium compounds should take care of it

Isolate suspects

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17
Q

Should we vaccinate for influenza?

A

Endemic in CO

Killed vaccine so 2 doses to be effective

*administer 1st one month before high risk (boarding, travel)

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18
Q

Viral infections usually stay around for about 14 days… how is H3N2 different?

A

stays about 21 days

19
Q

Is Mycoplasma a primary upper resp pathogen?

A

we don’t know

20
Q

Whats different about Mycoplasma?

What drugs can we use?

A

No cell walls!

Use:

Doxy (confirmed PCR+)

others:
Fluoroquinolones
Azithromycin
Clindamycin

21
Q

Is there a vaccine for Coronavirus, mycoplasma, or Strep?

A

Nope

22
Q

Nasal Mites!

  • what’s the parasite’s name?
  • Dx?
  • Tx?
A
  • Pneumonyssoides
  • Dx = trial treatment
  • Tx:
    milbemycin
    ivermectin (high dose)
    selamectin
23
Q

Primary viral infections - feline URTD

A
  • herpesvirus (eyes)
  • calicivirus (oral)

Often these are chronic

24
Q

Primary bacterial infections - Feline URTD

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Chlamydophila felis
  • Mycoplasma spp
25
Q

Primary fungal - feline URTD

A

Cryptococcus (chronic)

Sinonasal/Sino-orbital aspergillosis (mainly chronic()

26
Q

Herpes hits _____

Calicivirus hits ______

A

Herpes = eyes

Calicivirus = oral cavity
- virulent strain –> edema face and limbs

27
Q

Feline Chronic URTD - DX

A

Workup in phases - don’t want to spend a ton of money right away

1) cytology for fungal
2) simple tests for underlying dz
3) oral exam
4) PCR - take with grain of salt

if those dont work…

1) imaging
2) dental exam
3) scopes
4) deep tissue cultures
5) biopsies

28
Q

Feline URTD Viral Dx

A
  • Clinical signs (common)
  • PCR for herpes
  • RT-PCR for Calici
  • Vaccines will show in PCR –> take with a grain of salt
  • serology sucks
29
Q

Tx for confirmed Herpes

A

Famcyclovir

Some may use Lysine - but don’t know how well it really works

30
Q

Common 1st line Empiric Abx for URTD

A

Doxy - SUSPENSION!!

31
Q

Chronic Rhino Sinusitis

(CRS: I can’t find a primary treatable cause)

What do we do?

A 
humidification 
anti-histamines
meloxicam/apoquel?
HA diet/tx
Topical therapy 
prenisolone
32
Q

“Roman Nose
in a cat….

most common fungi? Dx? Tx?

A

Space-occupying mass

Cryptococcus!!!

Dx: See organism on cytology

Tx: Fluconazole

33
Q

Most common organism responsible for Canine sinonasal mycosis?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

Tx debated

34
Q

Canine SNA

CS?

Dx?

A

CS: depigmentation of nose

normal commensal!
Dx: AGID (Ab!)

35
Q

Feline Lower Airway Dx

A

Hyperreactive or inflammatory

Dx: Ab + Ag

Tx: Doxy

Parasitic: inappropriate immune or primary

Bacterial: secondary

36
Q

LAD

Protozoal

Bacterial

A

Protozoal:

  • toxo gondii
  • neospora caninum

Primary bacti:

  • bordetella
  • mycoplasma
  • strep zooepid
  • yersinia pestis
37
Q

Respiratory Fungi

Pulmonary -

Dogs and Cats

A 
Histoplasma 
- Missouri
Coccidioides 
- SW
Blastomyces
- Missouri
38
Q

Blastomycosis - BELLS

A

Bone, eyes, lungs, lymph nodes, skin

39
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Fungal organisms inhaled from contaminated soil (bird and bat manure)

- Fungi sets up shop in lungs but can also enter bloodstream and effects different areas of body (bone marrow and eyes) 
- Signs vary and depend on where the fungi travels to (e.g. eyes, GI, bm)
40
Q

Coccidiomycosis

A

Arizona! (Sonoran zone)

Clinical:

  • resp
  • hilar lymph nodes

Dx: (hard!)
- use titers

41
Q

Look at slide 87 for cytology

A

*

42
Q

Treating systemic fungal infections

A

Hard - fungi is very close to humans (egosterol and cholesterol)

Super expensive

43
Q

Empirical Abx for pneumonia

A

Usually just use potentiated penicillin

slide 91

44
Q

Pleural infections - treatment?>

A

You MUST Culture! Aerobic and Anaerobic!

753 - SA ISID (20 decks)

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