Infectious disease Flashcards
What to include in infectious disease history?
travel vaccine and prophylaxis occupation food recreation sex animal contacts contact
What are some types of infection linked to travel?
diarrhoea - e.coli, salmonella, campylobacter, viral
resp - viral, legionella
UTI
soft tissue
Hep A
exotic - malaria, typhoid, GI protozeoa, schistomiasis
exciting - CoV, SARS, avian flu, ebola, marburg
What are some occupations with risk of infectious disease?
health care workers, farm workers, sewage workers, sex workers, pet shop owners, abbatoir workers, military
What are some sports that make you at risk from infectious diseases?
canoeists, swimmers, cavers, trekkers, rugby players
What are some pets that are an infectious disease risk?
dogs, cats, rodents, terrapins and reptiles, psittacine, tropical fish, fowl, agricultural animals
What are some relevant medical history things to check in ID history?
head injury, cancer, immunosuppression, splenectomy, dentistry, previous ID, blood transfusion, IV cannula, prostethetic joints or valves, IUCD, piercing
What are some features of complicated malaria?
impaired GCS or seizures renal impairment acidosis hypoglycaemia pulmonary oedema haemoglobin <80 DIC or spontaneous bleeding shock parasitaemia >10%
What are some medications for malaria prophylaxis?
proguanil doxycycline mefloquine cloroquine atovaquone
What is first line treatment for malaria?
IV artesunate
IV quinine
How would you treat pneumonia based on CURB system?
o-2: PO amoxcillin+/-clarythromycin or doxycycline or levofloxacin
3-5: IV co-amoxiclav and PO/IV clarythromycin or IV teicoplanin + PO/IV levofloxacin
How would you treat legionella?
PO/IV levofloxacin or clarythromycin
or PO azithromycin
What are some causative agents of gastroenteritis?
salmonella, campylobacter, C.difficile, norovirus, rotavirus, staph aureus, e.coli, cryptosporidium
How many stool samples do you need when testing for gastroenteritis?
2-3
What are some differentials of new onset diarrheoa?
ischaemic bowel, diverticulitis
drugs, IBD
travels diarrhoea
What are some differentials of cellulitis?
Varicose eczema
necrotizing fascitis
What are some predisposing factors for cellulitis?
DM immunodeficiency underlying skin conditions lymphoedema chronic venous insufficiency wounds and injuries obesity
What are the main causative agents of cellultis?
staph aureus
beta-haemolytic strep
What are some respiratory diseases associated with HIV?
TB, pneumonia and PCP
How would you test and treat pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?
test with induced sputum or bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage
treat with co-trimoxazole
What are the parts of HAART?
highly antiretroviral therapy
- 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or boosted protease inhibitor or and integrase inhibitor
What medicine is used to treat Hep B?
pegylated interferon alpha - weekly injection for 48 weeks (stimulate immune system)
or oral anti-viral like tenofovir or entecavir (stops viral replication)
What are complications of chronic hep B?
inflammation - cirrhosis
increased risk of liver cancer
What test would you do for hep B?
surface antigen - HBsAg
What are some ID causes of fever?
childhood exanthemata malginant hyperpyrexia common community acquired infections post-op and hospital infections tropical diseases inflammatory and tissue damaging disorders malignancy factieious fever
