Infectious disease

Question 1

What to include in infectious disease history?

Answer 1

travel 
vaccine and prophylaxis
occupation 
food
recreation 
sex 
animal contacts 
contact

Question 2

What are some types of infection linked to travel?

Answer 2

diarrhoea - e.coli, salmonella, campylobacter, viral
resp - viral, legionella
UTI
soft tissue
Hep A
exotic - malaria, typhoid, GI protozeoa, schistomiasis
exciting - CoV, SARS, avian flu, ebola, marburg

Question 3

What are some occupations with risk of infectious disease?

Answer 3

health care workers, farm workers, sewage workers, sex workers, pet shop owners, abbatoir workers, military

Question 4

What are some sports that make you at risk from infectious diseases?

Answer 4

canoeists, swimmers, cavers, trekkers, rugby players

Question 5

What are some pets that are an infectious disease risk?

Answer 5

dogs, cats, rodents, terrapins and reptiles, psittacine, tropical fish, fowl, agricultural animals

Question 6

What are some relevant medical history things to check in ID history?

Answer 6

head injury, cancer, immunosuppression, splenectomy, dentistry, previous ID, blood transfusion, IV cannula, prostethetic joints or valves, IUCD, piercing

Question 7

What are some features of complicated malaria?

Answer 7

impaired GCS or seizures
renal impairment 
acidosis 
hypoglycaemia 
pulmonary oedema 
haemoglobin <80
DIC or spontaneous bleeding
shock
parasitaemia >10%

Question 8

What are some medications for malaria prophylaxis?

Answer 8

proguanil 
doxycycline 
mefloquine 
cloroquine
atovaquone

Question 9

What is first line treatment for malaria?

Answer 9

IV artesunate

IV quinine

Question 10

How would you treat pneumonia based on CURB system?

Answer 10

o-2: PO amoxcillin+/-clarythromycin or doxycycline or levofloxacin
3-5: IV co-amoxiclav and PO/IV clarythromycin or IV teicoplanin + PO/IV levofloxacin

Question 11

How would you treat legionella?

Answer 11

PO/IV levofloxacin or clarythromycin

or PO azithromycin

Question 12

What are some causative agents of gastroenteritis?

Answer 12

salmonella, campylobacter, C.difficile, norovirus, rotavirus, staph aureus, e.coli, cryptosporidium

Question 13

How many stool samples do you need when testing for gastroenteritis?

Answer 13

2-3

Question 14

What are some differentials of new onset diarrheoa?

Answer 14

ischaemic bowel, diverticulitis
drugs, IBD
travels diarrhoea

Question 15

What are some differentials of cellulitis?

Answer 15

Varicose eczema

necrotizing fascitis

Question 16

What are some predisposing factors for cellulitis?

Answer 16

DM 
immunodeficiency 
underlying skin conditions 
lymphoedema 
chronic venous insufficiency 
wounds and injuries 
obesity

Question 17

What are the main causative agents of cellultis?

Answer 17

staph aureus

beta-haemolytic strep

Question 18

What are some respiratory diseases associated with HIV?

Answer 18

TB, pneumonia and PCP

Question 19

How would you test and treat pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia?

Answer 19

test with induced sputum or bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage
treat with co-trimoxazole

Question 20

What are the parts of HAART?

Answer 20

highly antiretroviral therapy

• 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or boosted protease inhibitor or and integrase inhibitor

Question 21

What medicine is used to treat Hep B?

Answer 21

pegylated interferon alpha - weekly injection for 48 weeks (stimulate immune system)
or oral anti-viral like tenofovir or entecavir (stops viral replication)

Question 22

What are complications of chronic hep B?

Answer 22

inflammation - cirrhosis

increased risk of liver cancer

Question 23

What test would you do for hep B?

Answer 23

surface antigen - HBsAg

Question 24

What are some ID causes of fever?

Answer 24

childhood exanthemata
malginant hyperpyrexia 
common community acquired infections 
post-op and hospital infections 
tropical diseases 
inflammatory and tissue damaging disorders
malignancy 
factieious fever