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Microbiology and ID > Infections and treatments > Flashcards

Infections and treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the pressure area grades?

A

1 - discolouration
2 - skin disturbance
3 - necrosis of skin
4 - necrosis of underlying structures

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2
Q

What does it mean if someone is GDH positive?

A

It means they are colonised with the glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme (found in their faeces) and means they are colonised with C. diff

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3
Q

What are 2 organisms that commonly cause soft tissue infection?
What could you use to treat them?

A

staph aureus and haemolytic Group A strep

SA - flucloxicillin, co-amoxiclav, carbapenems
Group A strep - any beta lactam/penicillin family

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4
Q

What does MRSA stand for?

A

methicillin resistant staphlococcus aureus

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5
Q

What is first line for treatment of MRSA?

A

Glycopeptide - vancomycin or teicoplanin

can use others but have to check sensitivity

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6
Q

What does ESBL stand for? How would you treat it?

A

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase

carbapenems (ertapenem, meropenem)

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7
Q

Name 4 bacteria that cause gastroenteritis? (B for bloody diarrhoea)

A

Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli (B), campylobacter (B)

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8
Q

What are 2 viruses that cause diarrhoea?

A

rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus

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9
Q

What are 3 bacteria that cause community acquired pneumonia? How would you treat a CAP?

A

staph aureus, strep pneumo, haem influenza

amoxicillin
add flucloxicillin if staph

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10
Q

What are two organisms that might cause atypical pneumonia?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionelle pneumophilia, chlamydia

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11
Q

What should be prescribed as first line for persistant diarrhoea due to clostridium difficile?

A

Vancomycin 125mg qds for 14 days

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12
Q

What are alternative treatments for clostridium difficile?

A

reducing dose for 6 weeks
feducimycin
fecal transplant

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13
Q

Can you use trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin to treat pyelonephritis? What do you use instead?

A

no, the antibiotics concentrate locally at bladder but will not work systemically for bacteraemia
cephalosporins or quinolones

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14
Q

What are indications for IV antibiotics?

A

sepsis, febrile + neutropenia, specific indications (e.g. endocarditis, septic arthritis, osetomyelitis, meningitis, necrotising fascitis), positive blood cultures, oral route compromised, no oral formulation

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15
Q

What do you need to use gentamicin nomogram?

A

need weight and height

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16
Q

Why should you use gentamicin cautiously?

A

nephrotoxic and ototoxic

Should not prescribe for longer than 48 hours without discussing with micro

17
Q

What are common causative agents of skin/soft tissue infections?

A

Staph aureus

18
Q

How would you treat staph aureus skin infection?

A

P - flucloxicillin, co-amoxiclav, carbapenems

NP - gentamicin, glycopeptides

19
Q

What are the cephalosporins?

A

Cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone

20
Q

What are the carbapenems?

A

Erapenem, meropenem, imipenem

21
Q

What are the macrolides?

A

Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

22
Q

What are glycopeptides?

A

Vancomycin, teicoplanin

23
Q

What are aminoglycosides?

A

Gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin

24
Q

What are common causative agents for lung infections?

A

Staph aureus, klebsiella pneumonia, anaerobic organisms, mycobacterium tb

25
Q

How do you treat klebsiella pneumonia?

A

P - carbapenems

Culture - all other penicillin, aminoglycosides, cipro

26
Q

What usually causes kidney infections?

A

E.coli or klebsiella

27
Q

How do you treat e.coli or klebsiella kidney infections?

A

Carbapenems

Culture - all penicillin, ciprofloxacin, aminoglycosides

28
Q

What are the normal causative agents for meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitis, strep pneumonia, H. Influenza, listeria monocytogenes

29
Q

How would you treat neisseria meningitidis meningitis?

A

P - Cephalosporins, meropenem

NP - chloramphenicol

30
Q

How would you treat strep pneumonia meningitis?

A

P - all penicillin but not flucloxicillin

NP - levo/moxifloxacin, glycopeptide, linezoid, aminoglycosides

31
Q

How would you treat H. Influenza meningitis?

A

P - cephalosporins, carbapenems

NP - cipro/levo/moxifloxacin, glycopeptide, linezolid

32
Q

How would you treat an atypical pneumonia?

A

clarithromycin

33
Q

How would you treat a HAP if they got it within 5 days of admission?

A

co-amoxiclav/cefuroxime

34
Q

How would you treat a HAP if they got it after 5 days of admission?

A

tazocin /ciprofloxacin

35
Q

Which antibiotics do you use to treat prostatitis?

A

trimethoprim or quinoloes (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

36
Q

How would you treat C. diff?

A

first episode - metronidazole

further episodes - vancomycin

37
Q

How do you treat campylobacter?

A

clarithromycine

38
Q

How do you treat salmonella?

A

ciprofloxacin

39
Q

How do you treat shigella?

A

ciprofloxacin

Microbiology and ID (4 decks)

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