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Complex Pt Management > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is a virus?

A

Sub-cellular organism made up of only a ribonucleic acid (RNA) or DNA covered w/ proteins

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2
Q

Describe the Virus replication rate?

A

Rapid replication and high mutation

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3
Q

T F antibiotics are effective on viruses

A

F - Also subject to resistance

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4
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Single celled microorganism with well defined cell walls that can grow independently on artificial media w/o the need for other cells .

Classified by shape and oxygen need

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5
Q

How do you treat bacterial infections?

A

Treatable by antibiotics but need labs to determine specificity antibiotic resistance

High emergence of antibiotic resistant strains

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6
Q

What is fungi?

A

Single celled or multicellular organisms

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7
Q

What are the 2 forms of fungi?

A 
True Pathogen: (histoplasmosis and coccidiodomycosis) causes infections in healthy persons
Opportunistic pathogen (aspergillosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis): causes infections in immunocompromised persons
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8
Q

What are common fungis?

A

diaper rash, thrush, athletes foot

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9
Q

What is the treatment for fungi?

A

Antifungals or antivirals applied directly to the skin or injected in the case of serious infection

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10
Q

What are Parasites?

A

An organism that lives on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host

Mode of infection: Through mouth/skin

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11
Q

Treatment for parasties?

A

Antiparasitic drugs, but for some no drug is effective

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12
Q

What is a Prion?

A

An infectious agent composed of entirely of protein material that can fold in multiple, structurally distinct ways leading to disease that is similar to viral infection

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13
Q

What is the mode of infection for prions?

A

Animal to human

Mad Cow disease

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14
Q

What is the treatment for prions?

A

None

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15
Q

What is the difference between direct contact and indirect contact?

A

Direct: Person to person, droplet, sex, fecal/oral. Bites from infected insects or animals, handling animal waste. Mother to unborn child disease from vaginal canal

Indirect: Contact w/ contaminated surface or object, food, blood, or water, travel through the air

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16
Q

What is sepsis?

A

Life threatening complication of infection occurring when the immune reaction to infection triggers inflammatory response throughout the body

  • can lead to multiple organ systems failing
  • Older adults or immunocompromised more likely
  • Early treatment for survival
17
Q

What must occur to be considered sepsis?

A

2 of the following in addition to confirmed infection:

  • Body temp > 101F or below 96.8
  • HR > 90 bpm
  • RR > 20 breaths/min
18
Q

What must occur to be considered severe sepsis?

A

at least 1 of the following s/s, indicating organ failure

  • Significantly decrease urine output
  • abrupt mental status change
  • Dec platelet count
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Abnormal heart pumping function
  • Abdominal pain
19
Q

What is septic shock?

A

All s/s severe sepsis + extreme hypotension that does not response adequately to fluid resuscitation

20
Q

Sepsis risk factors

A
  • very young or old
  • immunocompromised
  • Hospitalization, ICU
  • wounds present
  • Invasiv devices
  • Antibiotics resistant bacteria
21
Q

3 complications of sepsis

A
  • impaired organ function
  • blood clots
  • death
22
Q

What are the most common types and sites Healthcare Associated Infections?

A 
E Coli 
Staph 
Entrococcucs 
Psynomas 
Candidi 
Sites: 
Urinary tract 
Surgical wounds 
joints 
Lower respiratory tract
23
Q

What is MRSA

A

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus Aurus

- MGMT - IV Vancomyosin several times a week and time in long term facility

24
Q

What is vancomycin resistant enterocci infection?

A
  • Resistant to vancomycin, aminoglycosides and ampicillin
  • treatment options limited
  • Best is prevention
25
Q

What is Multi Drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

A

Wide spectrum of antimicrobial resistance

- ICU environments

26
Q

What are the absolute Aerobic Exercise Contraindications

A
  • Unstable angina
  • Uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias causing symptoms of hemodynamic compromise
  • Uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure
  • Acute or suspected major cardiovascular event ( severe aortic stenosis, pulmonary embolus, or infarction, myocarditis, pericarditis, or dissecting aneurysm)
  • Acute systemic infection, accompanied by fever, body aches, or swollen lymph glands
27
Q

What are relative Exercise contraindications

A
  • Known significant cardiac disease
  • Severe Arterial hypertension ( Systolic BP > 200 mmHg or a diastolic BP > 100mmHg)
  • Tachydysrythmia or bradydysrhythmia
  • Electrolyte abnormalities
  • Uncontrolled metabolic disease
  • Chronic infections disease
  • Mental or physical impairement

Complex Pt Management (12 decks)

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