Infectious Disease Flashcards
Describe human evolution in relation to pathogens
Humans generations are 25 years apart whereas pathogens are a couple of days
pathogens replicate faster than us and so evolve more to overcome vaccines and medication
name 3 origins of human infections
inherited from ancestors
from wildlife
from livestock
what changes have recently caused an increase in transmission?
larger population = increase density of people
travel by plane = perfect incubation period for pathogen and long distant transmission
define prevalence
frequency of a disease in a population at a given point in time.
used to measure the burden of disease
NUMBER OF CASES/ NUMBER OF PEOPLE
define incidence
the number of new cases in a given population in a set amount of time
how do we measure incidence?
define a set time
define a set population
need an accurate test to measure new cases
define mortality
the number of deaths from a specific disease
(normally per 1000 people per year)
DEATHS IN A GIVEN TIME/ POPULATION AT START
define morbidity
the number of people who suffer from ill health
Measured using GCS
Can help determine treatment that should be given
name the 6 main infectious diseases
lower respiratory diseases 3.9 HIV/AIDS 2.8 diarrhoea diseases 1.8 tuberculosis 1.6 malaria 1.2 measles 0.6
HIV
epidemic in 1982
integrase inhibitor is used to treat.
using 3 treatments at once
malaria
plasmodium virus has many different antigens so it is difficult to target the virus
ebola
slow transmission symptoms before become infectious spread by body fluids 3685 cases and 1841 deaths Incubation period =2-21 days
zika virus
emerge in south America
children with microcephaly
came from rhesus monkeys
what is the basic reproductive number?
number of secondary cases from the a single primary case
less than one = EXTINCTION
Affected by: incubation period, how quickly infectiousness decays
preventing influenza
reduce mortality and morbidity
buy time for vaccine to be developed
