Infectious Disease Flashcards
White curd like vaginal discharge should make you think of what diagnosis
Vaginal candida infection
Owl Eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
If you have a patient with positive blood cultures for candida what is the first line drug
Amphotericin B
What is the treatment for pertussis
Erythromycin for seven days
A leukemia patient has a CT of the liver which shows punched out lesions. What diagnosis should you be thinking of
Hepatosplenic candida
What disease does rickettsia rickettsii cause
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
An India ink stain showing cyst should make you think of what diagnosis
Cryptoccosis
A COPD patient has apical cavities in calcified nodes on his CXR. You also discovered he has a pet bat and a few birds. What is the most likely diagnosis
Histoplasmosis
An HIV patient presents with a nonproductive cough and a chest x-ray showing diffuse interstitial infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ) formerly known as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Honey and babies should make you think of what diagnosis
Botulism
What type of organism causes botulism
A gram-positive rod
Clostridium botulinum
What is the treatment for botulism
Antitoxin
A patient presents to the ER with acute progressive weakness, diplopia and a very dry mouth. What organism may be causing this
Cholera
Is diphtheria gram-positive or gram-negative organisms
Gram-positive
A stuck on gray membrane in the pharynx should make you think of what diagnosis
Diphtheria
What are four steps in treating diphtheria
Antitoxin, penicillin, remove membrane, report the case to the CDC
What is the clinical name for whooping cough
Pertussis
What type of organism causes tetanus
A gram-positive rod, clostridium tetani
A patient ate out last night and today has cramping and bloody diarrhea. What is the most likely organism
Salmonella
Diarrhea with blood and mucus should make you think of
Shigella
What is the best test to diagnose malaria
Peripheral blood smear
What organism has been linked to reactive arthritis
Shigella, also remember that reactive arthritis has a positive HLA – B27
What is the treatment for shigella
Bactrim or fluorquinolones and hydration
What organism causes Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
What is the minimum amount of time needed for a tick to transfer Lyme disease to a human
24 hours
What is the drug of choice to treat Lyme disease in a kids or pregnant woman
Amoxicillin
What is the drug of choice to treat C. Difficile
Metronidazole
A patient was in the woods yesterday and today presents with erythema migrans. What is the most likely diagnosis
Lyme disease
What drug is used for the treatment or prophylaxis of malaria
Cloroquine
A patient was camping a few days ago and now has a rash that began on his wrist and ankles. What is the most likely diagnosis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
What is the drug of choice for treating Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Doxycycline
What is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphilis
Penicillin
Any reference to dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism
Treponema pallidum
Is Staph gram-positive or gram-negative
Gram-positive
A patient being treated with penicillin for a syphilis infection develops fever, chills, muscle pain and headaches. Do you stop the treatment
No this is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to released endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not an allergic reaction
What organism is believed to be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers
Helicobactor Pylori
A painless, clean base chancre should make you think of what diagnosis
Primary syphilis
Is pseudomonas gram-positive or gram-negative
Gram-negative
A patient complains of a rash on his palms and soles. He has a fever and chills. In conversation he mentioned a strange painless chancre he had a few weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis
Secondary syphilis. This is the most contagious stage
What is the treatment for cholera
Fluids
What is the current drug of choice for the cytomegalovirus
Ganciclovir
Which herpes virus causes Epstein-Barr
Herpes four
A 16-year-old girl presents with an exudative sore throat and general malaise. On physical exam you observe some posterior chain lymphadenopathy and mild splenomegaly. What is the most likely diagnosis
Epstein-Barr virus
What are the two important pieces of patient education for anyone diagnosed with mononucleosis
No contact sports in no kissing due to splenic rupture and highly contagious
What is the first symptom of a rabies infection
Pain and anesthesia at the site of the bite
How do you definitively diagnosed rabies
Pathology of the brain of the animal that preformed the bite using fluorescent antibody stain
A patient is bitten by a rabies infected raccoon. On what days do you give human diploid cells
0, 3, 7 , 14, 28
A diaper rash with satellite lesions should make you think of what diagnosis
Candida
Name three series reactions in a patient may have with the use of Vancomycin
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and Steven Johnson syndrome
What test are done to screen for HIV
Eliza and then if the positive diagnosis is confirmed with the Western blot
What is the drug of choice for the treatment of Lyme disease
Doxycycline
What does trismus mean
Lockjaw, often secondary to tetanus
How do you treat Amebiasis
Metronidazole
How do you treat PCJ or PCP
Bactrim
What is the treatment for tetanus infection
Penicillin, immunoglobulin and supportive care
How do hookyou hook worm larvae enter the body
They penetrate the skin usually through the soles of the feet
How do you treat hookworm
Azoles
What type of mosquitoes carry malaria
Anopheles
How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off
This is most likely Candida. Topical nystatin oral fluconizole 1 mg are first line choices
A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV patient. What is the most likely diagnosis
Toxoplasmosis
What is the drug of choice for toxoplasmosis
Bactrim
What organism causes toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma Gondii
What drug do you use to treat pinworm
You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later you treat them again
The scotch tape test is used to diagnose what disease
Pinworm
Is Neisseria gram-positive or gram-negative
Gram-negative
Syphilis is caused by what organism
Treponema pallidum
A gram-positive organisms in chains should make you think of what diagnosis
Strep
A gram negative diplococci should make you think of what diagnosis
neisseria
What is the most common prophylactic anabiotic used preoperatively
Cefazolin = ancef
Keflex
What oral anabiotic can be used for Pseudomonas
Ciprofloxacin
What is the suffix used for most fluoroquinolones
Oxacin
Why aren’t fluoroquinolones used more frequently
They have lots of side effects
A patient presents with a ruptured Achilles tendon. He states he was recently in the hospital for a blood infection and on a ton of anabiotic‘s. What antibiotic class may he have been on
Fluoroquinolones
Why can’t you get fluoroquinolones to kids
They can cause Cartlidge development problems
What class of anabiotic‘s should you start with for community acquired pneumonia
Macrolides
List two macrolides
Erythromycin, Azithromycin, clarithromycin
What anabiotic class is the class of choice for chlamydia
Macrolides
What class of anabiotic‘s is sometimes prescribed specifically for the effects on increasing GI motility
Macrolides
Which medication is worse to give to a pediatric patient, tetracycline or in aminoglycoside
Tetracycline
Pizza pie retinopathy should make you think of what diagnosis
Cytomegalovirus
A patient presents complaining of a metallic taste in her mouth and dark brown urine. What anabiotic might she be on
Metronidazole
What anabiotic is most likely to cause clostridium difficle
Clindamycin
What is the current drug of choice for treating MRSA
Vancomycin
You place the patient on rifampin. What side effects should you warn them about
Orange red discoloration body fluids
What might happen if you infuse vancomycin too fast
Red man syndrome
Name one oral medication that can be used for MRSA
Linezolid (Zyvox) and Bactrim
What organism is most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
What organism is the most common cause of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection
E. Coli
Gummas or granulomatous nodules should make you think of what diagnosis
Tertiary syphilis
Bloody stool with cyst and trophozoites she make you think of what diagnosis
Amebiasis
Community acquired carditis is most often caused by one of the HACEEK organisms. List the HACEK organisms
Haemophilus Actinobacillus Cardiobacterium Eikenella Kingella
What are three medications often combined as a first-line treatment for H. Pylori
Omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin (CAP)
What is the prophylactic anabiotic most commonly given before dental procedure if one is necessary
Amoxicillin 2 grams PO one hour before procedure
A pregnant woman and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis
Toxoplasmosis
What is the drug of choice to treat a urethritis caused by neisseria
Ceftriaxone
Is klebsiella gram-positive or gram-negative
Gram-negative
A gram-positive organisms in clusters should make you think of what diagnosis
Staph
What is the best test for diagnosing rocky Mountain spotted fever
Indirect immunofluorescent antibodies
A gram-negative cocci bacilli found in the sputum of patient with pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis
H. Flu
What medication is used as prophylaxis for a meningococcal meningitis
Rifampin
