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PANCE Questions combined > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

White curd like vaginal discharge should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Vaginal candida infection

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2
Q

Owl Eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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3
Q

If you have a patient with positive blood cultures for candida what is the first line drug

A

Amphotericin B

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4
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis

A

Erythromycin for seven days

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5
Q

A leukemia patient has a CT of the liver which shows punched out lesions. What diagnosis should you be thinking of

A

Hepatosplenic candida

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6
Q

What disease does rickettsia rickettsii cause

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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7
Q

An India ink stain showing cyst should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Cryptoccosis

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8
Q

A COPD patient has apical cavities in calcified nodes on his CXR. You also discovered he has a pet bat and a few birds. What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Histoplasmosis

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9
Q

An HIV patient presents with a nonproductive cough and a chest x-ray showing diffuse interstitial infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ) formerly known as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

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10
Q

Honey and babies should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Botulism

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11
Q

What type of organism causes botulism

A

A gram-positive rod

Clostridium botulinum

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12
Q

What is the treatment for botulism

A

Antitoxin

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13
Q

A patient presents to the ER with acute progressive weakness, diplopia and a very dry mouth. What organism may be causing this

A

Cholera

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14
Q

Is diphtheria gram-positive or gram-negative organisms

A

Gram-positive

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15
Q

A stuck on gray membrane in the pharynx should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Diphtheria

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16
Q

What are four steps in treating diphtheria

A

Antitoxin, penicillin, remove membrane, report the case to the CDC

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17
Q

What is the clinical name for whooping cough

A

Pertussis

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18
Q

What type of organism causes tetanus

A

A gram-positive rod, clostridium tetani

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19
Q

A patient ate out last night and today has cramping and bloody diarrhea. What is the most likely organism

A

Salmonella

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20
Q

Diarrhea with blood and mucus should make you think of

A

Shigella

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21
Q

What is the best test to diagnose malaria

A

Peripheral blood smear

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22
Q

What organism has been linked to reactive arthritis

A

Shigella, also remember that reactive arthritis has a positive HLA – B27

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23
Q

What is the treatment for shigella

A

Bactrim or fluorquinolones and hydration

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24
Q

What organism causes Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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25
Q

What is the minimum amount of time needed for a tick to transfer Lyme disease to a human

A

24 hours

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26
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat Lyme disease in a kids or pregnant woman

A

Amoxicillin

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27
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat C. Difficile

A

Metronidazole

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28
Q

A patient was in the woods yesterday and today presents with erythema migrans. What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Lyme disease

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29
Q

What drug is used for the treatment or prophylaxis of malaria

A

Cloroquine

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30
Q

A patient was camping a few days ago and now has a rash that began on his wrist and ankles. What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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31
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Doxycycline

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32
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphilis

A

Penicillin

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33
Q

Any reference to dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism

A

Treponema pallidum

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34
Q

Is Staph gram-positive or gram-negative

A

Gram-positive

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35
Q

A patient being treated with penicillin for a syphilis infection develops fever, chills, muscle pain and headaches. Do you stop the treatment

A

No this is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to released endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not an allergic reaction

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36
Q

What organism is believed to be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers

A

Helicobactor Pylori

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37
Q

A painless, clean base chancre should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Primary syphilis

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38
Q

Is pseudomonas gram-positive or gram-negative

A

Gram-negative

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39
Q

A patient complains of a rash on his palms and soles. He has a fever and chills. In conversation he mentioned a strange painless chancre he had a few weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Secondary syphilis. This is the most contagious stage

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40
Q

What is the treatment for cholera

A

Fluids

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41
Q

What is the current drug of choice for the cytomegalovirus

A

Ganciclovir

42
Q

Which herpes virus causes Epstein-Barr

A

Herpes four

43
Q

A 16-year-old girl presents with an exudative sore throat and general malaise. On physical exam you observe some posterior chain lymphadenopathy and mild splenomegaly. What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Epstein-Barr virus

44
Q

What are the two important pieces of patient education for anyone diagnosed with mononucleosis

A

No contact sports in no kissing due to splenic rupture and highly contagious

45
Q

What is the first symptom of a rabies infection

A

Pain and anesthesia at the site of the bite

46
Q

How do you definitively diagnosed rabies

A

Pathology of the brain of the animal that preformed the bite using fluorescent antibody stain

47
Q

A patient is bitten by a rabies infected raccoon. On what days do you give human diploid cells

A

0, 3, 7 , 14, 28

48
Q

A diaper rash with satellite lesions should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Candida

49
Q

Name three series reactions in a patient may have with the use of Vancomycin

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and Steven Johnson syndrome

50
Q

What test are done to screen for HIV

A

Eliza and then if the positive diagnosis is confirmed with the Western blot

51
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

52
Q

What does trismus mean

A

Lockjaw, often secondary to tetanus

53
Q

How do you treat Amebiasis

A

Metronidazole

54
Q

How do you treat PCJ or PCP

A

Bactrim

55
Q

What is the treatment for tetanus infection

A

Penicillin, immunoglobulin and supportive care

56
Q

How do hookyou hook worm larvae enter the body

A

They penetrate the skin usually through the soles of the feet

57
Q

How do you treat hookworm

A

Azoles

58
Q

What type of mosquitoes carry malaria

A

Anopheles

59
Q

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off

A

This is most likely Candida. Topical nystatin oral fluconizole 1 mg are first line choices

60
Q

A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV patient. What is the most likely diagnosis

A

Toxoplasmosis

61
Q

What is the drug of choice for toxoplasmosis

A

Bactrim

62
Q

What organism causes toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

63
Q

What drug do you use to treat pinworm

A

You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later you treat them again

64
Q

The scotch tape test is used to diagnose what disease

A

Pinworm

65
Q

Is Neisseria gram-positive or gram-negative

A

Gram-negative

66
Q

Syphilis is caused by what organism

A

Treponema pallidum

67
Q

A gram-positive organisms in chains should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Strep

68
Q

A gram negative diplococci should make you think of what diagnosis

A

neisseria

69
Q

What is the most common prophylactic anabiotic used preoperatively

A

Cefazolin = ancef

Keflex

70
Q

What oral anabiotic can be used for Pseudomonas

A

Ciprofloxacin

71
Q

What is the suffix used for most fluoroquinolones

A

Oxacin

72
Q

Why aren’t fluoroquinolones used more frequently

A

They have lots of side effects

73
Q

A patient presents with a ruptured Achilles tendon. He states he was recently in the hospital for a blood infection and on a ton of anabiotic‘s. What antibiotic class may he have been on

A

Fluoroquinolones

74
Q

Why can’t you get fluoroquinolones to kids

A

They can cause Cartlidge development problems

75
Q

What class of anabiotic‘s should you start with for community acquired pneumonia

A

Macrolides

76
Q

List two macrolides

A

Erythromycin, Azithromycin, clarithromycin

77
Q

What anabiotic class is the class of choice for chlamydia

A

Macrolides

78
Q

What class of anabiotic‘s is sometimes prescribed specifically for the effects on increasing GI motility

A

Macrolides

79
Q

Which medication is worse to give to a pediatric patient, tetracycline or in aminoglycoside

A

Tetracycline

80
Q

Pizza pie retinopathy should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Cytomegalovirus

81
Q

A patient presents complaining of a metallic taste in her mouth and dark brown urine. What anabiotic might she be on

A

Metronidazole

82
Q

What anabiotic is most likely to cause clostridium difficle

A

Clindamycin

83
Q

What is the current drug of choice for treating MRSA

A

Vancomycin

84
Q

You place the patient on rifampin. What side effects should you warn them about

A

Orange red discoloration body fluids

85
Q

What might happen if you infuse vancomycin too fast

A

Red man syndrome

86
Q

Name one oral medication that can be used for MRSA

A

Linezolid (Zyvox) and Bactrim

87
Q

What organism is most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pneumoniae

88
Q

What organism is the most common cause of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection

A

E. Coli

89
Q

Gummas or granulomatous nodules should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Tertiary syphilis

90
Q

Bloody stool with cyst and trophozoites she make you think of what diagnosis

A

Amebiasis

91
Q

Community acquired carditis is most often caused by one of the HACEEK organisms. List the HACEK organisms

A 
Haemophilus 
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella 
Kingella
92
Q

What are three medications often combined as a first-line treatment for H. Pylori

A

Omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin (CAP)

93
Q

What is the prophylactic anabiotic most commonly given before dental procedure if one is necessary

A

Amoxicillin 2 grams PO one hour before procedure

94
Q

A pregnant woman and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Toxoplasmosis

95
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat a urethritis caused by neisseria

A

Ceftriaxone

96
Q

Is klebsiella gram-positive or gram-negative

A

Gram-negative

97
Q

A gram-positive organisms in clusters should make you think of what diagnosis

A

Staph

98
Q

What is the best test for diagnosing rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Indirect immunofluorescent antibodies

99
Q

A gram-negative cocci bacilli found in the sputum of patient with pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis

A

H. Flu

100
Q

What medication is used as prophylaxis for a meningococcal meningitis

A

Rifampin

PANCE Questions combined (7 decks)

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