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PANRE > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

CMV (Cytomegalovirus)

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2
Q

You have a patient with positive blood cultures for candida, what is the first line drug?

A

Amphotericin B

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3
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis?

A

Erythromycin x 7 days

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4
Q

A leukemia patient has a CT of the liver which shows punched out lesions - what diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

HEpatosplenid candida

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5
Q

What disease doe Rickettsia rickettsia cause?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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6
Q

An india ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cryptococcosis

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7
Q

A COPD patient has apical cavities and calcifies nodes on his CXR, You also discover that he has a pet bat and. few birds. What is the most likely diagnosis>

A

Histoplasmosis

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8
Q

An HIV patient present with a nonproductive cough and CXR that shot diffuse interstitial infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis>

A

Pneumocystitiss jiroveci pneumonia

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9
Q

Honey and babies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Botulism (flaccid baby syndrome)

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10
Q

What type of organism causes botulism?

A

A Gram + rod - Clostridium botuliinum

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11
Q

What is the treatment for botulism?

A

an antitoxin

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12
Q

A patient presents to the ED with acute progressive weakness, diplopia and a very dry mouth. What organism may be causing this?

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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13
Q

Rice water stools should make you think of what diagnosis

A

=Vibrio Cholrea

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14
Q

Is diphtheria a gram + or Grma - organism>

A

Gram +

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15
Q

A stuck on grey membrane in the pharynx should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Diptheria

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16
Q

What are 4 steps for treating diphtheria?

A

antitoxin, penicillin, remove the membrane, report the case to the CDC

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17
Q

What is the clinical name for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

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18
Q

What type of organism causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium Tetani - Gram + rod (aerobic)

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19
Q

A patient ate out last night and today has cramping and bloody diarrhea. What is the most likely organism>

A

Salmonella

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20
Q

Diarrhea with blood and mucous should make you think of what ?

A

Shigella

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21
Q

What is the best way to diagnose malaria?

A

a peripheral blood smear

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22
Q

What organism has been linked to reactive arthritis?

A

Shigella. Also remember that reactive arthritis has a + HLA-B27

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23
Q

What is the treatment for Shigella?

A

Bactrim or flouroquinolones and hydration

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24
Q

What is the organism that causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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25
Q

What is the minimum amount of time that is needed for a tick to transfer Lyme diease to a human?

A

24 hours

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26
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat Lyme disease in kids or pregnant women>

A

Amoxicilliin

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27
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat C. difficile?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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28
Q

A patient was in the woods yesterday and today presents with erythema migrant. Whats is the most likely diagnosis>

A

Lyme disease

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29
Q

What is the drug that is used for the treatment or prophylaxis off malaria>

A

Chloroquine

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30
Q

A patient was camping for a few days and now has a rash that began on his wrists and ankles. What is the most likely diagnosis>

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

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31
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Doxycycline

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32
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphillis?

A

Penicillin

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33
Q

`Any reference to a dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

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34
Q

Is staph gram + or gram -?

A

Gram +

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35
Q

A patient being treated with PCN for a syphillis infection develops fever, chills, muscle pain and headaches. Do you stop the treatment?

A

No. This is a JArisch-Herxheimer reaction. The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to the related endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not and allergic reaction.

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36
Q

What organism is believed to the be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers?

A

Helicobactoer pylori

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37
Q

A painless clean base chancre should make you think. of what diagnosis?

A

Syphilis

38
Q

HE has fever and chills, A patient complains of a rash on his palms and soles. In conversation he mention a strange painless chancre he has a few weeks ago. What. is his most likely diagnosis?

A

Secondary syphilis. The most contagious stage.

39
Q

What is the treatment for cholera?

A

Fluids

40
Q

What is the current drug of choice for CMV (Cytomegalovirus)?

A

Ganciclovir

41
Q

Which herpesvirus causes Epstein-Barr?

A

HErpes 4

42
Q

A 16 year old girl presents with an exudative sore throat and general malaise. On physical exam, you observe some posterior chain lymphadenpathy and mild splenomegaly.What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Epstein Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis)

43
Q

What are the 2 important pieces of patient education for anyone diagnosed with Mono??

A 
No contact sports (risk of splenic rupture)
No kissing(highly contagious)
44
Q

What is the first symptom of a rabies infection.

A

Pain and anesthesia at the site of the bite.

45
Q

How do you definitively diagnosis rabies?

A

Pathology of the brain of the animal that performed the bite using fluorescent antibody stain.

46
Q

A patient is bitten by a rabies infected raccoon. On what days to you give him human diploid cells?

A

0,3 ,7, 14, 28

47
Q

A diaper rash with satellite lesions should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Candida

48
Q

Name 3 serious reactions a patient may have with the use of Vancomycin?`

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and Steven Johnson syndrome

49
Q

What tests are done to screen for HIV?

A

Elisa and then if positive diagnosis is confirmed with a Western Blot test

50
Q

What is the drug of choice treatment for Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

51
Q

What does trismus mean?

A

Lockjaw, often secondary to tetanus

52
Q

How do you treat amebiasis?

A

metronidazole

53
Q

How do you teat pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia formerly know as Pneumoscystis (PCP)

A

Bactrim

54
Q

What is the treatment for tetanus infection?

A

PCN, Immunoglobulin and supportive care( respiratory support)

55
Q

How do hookworm larvae enter the body?

A

They penetrate the skin usually through the soles of the feet.

56
Q

How do you treat hookworm?

A

Azoles

57
Q

What type of mosquitoes carry malaria?

A

Anopheles

58
Q

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

A

This is most likely candida. Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1 mg are first line.

59
Q

A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV patient. What it set most likely diagnosis?

A

TOXOPLASMOSIS

60
Q

WHAT IS THE DRUG OF CHOICE FOR TOOPLASMOSIS

A

BACTRIM

61
Q

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

A

You treat everyone in the house with albendazole - and then treat them again in 2 weeks.

62
Q

The scotch tape test is used to diagnose what disease:

A

Pinworm

63
Q

Gram positive organism in chains should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Strep

64
Q

A gram negative diplococci should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

nieisseria

65
Q

What it the most common antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery

A

Cefazolin (Ancef)

66
Q

What is the oral antibiotic can be used for pseudomonas?

A

Ciprfloxin

67
Q

Why aren’t fluoroquinolone used more frequently?

A

lots of side effects

68
Q

A patient presents with a ruptured Achilles tendon. He states that he was recently in the hospital for a “blood infection and on a ton of antibiotics”. What class of antibiotics was he on?

A

Flurorquinolones.

69
Q

Why can’t you give flouroquinolones to kids?

A

The can cause cartilage developmental issues

70
Q

What class of antibiotics should you start with for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)

A

Macrolides

71
Q

List 2 macrolides

A

Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

72
Q

What is the antibiotic class is the class of choice for chlamydia?

A

Macrolides

73
Q

Which medication is worse to given a pediatric patient - Tetracycline or aminoglycoside?

A

TCN

74
Q

A patient complains of a metallic taste in her mouse and dark brown urine. What antibiotic might she on?

A

Metronidazole

75
Q

What antibiotic is most likely to cause C. dif

A

Clindamycin

76
Q

What it the current drug of choice for MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

77
Q

Your patient is on rifampin. What side effects should you warn her about?

A

Orange - rd discoloration of body fluids

78
Q

What may happen if you infuse Vancomycin too fast?

A

Red Man syndrome

79
Q

Name one ORAL medication that can be used for MRSA

A

Linezolid (Zyvox) and Bactrim

80
Q

What is the organism mostly likely causing community acquired pneumonia (CAP)

A

Strep pneumo

81
Q

What organism is the mostly common cause. of an uncomplicated UTI

A

E coli

82
Q

Gummas or granulomatous nodules should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tertiary syphillis

83
Q

Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Amebiasis

84
Q

Community acquired carditis is most often caused by one of the HACEK organisms - what are the HACEK organisms?

A 
Hemophilus
Actinobacilius, 
cardiobacterium
Ekenella
Kingella
85
Q

What are the 3 medications combine as first line treatment for H pylori?

A

Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin = PPI (omperazaole)

86
Q

What is the prophylactic antibiotic most commonly given prior to a dental procedure if one is needed?

A

Amoxil 2 gm po 1 hour prior to procedure.

87
Q

A woman and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Toxoplasmosis

88
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat a urethritis caused by neiserria?

A

Ceftriaxone (rocphein)

89
Q

What is the best test for diagnosing Rocky mountain spotted fever?

A

Indirect immunofluorescent antibiodies

90
Q

A gram negative coccobaccili found in sputum of a patient with pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis>

A

H flu

91
Q

What medication is used a s prophylaxis for meningococcal meningitis

A

Rifampin

PANRE (12 decks)

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