Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Peds Shelf > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of neonatal septicemia

A

Group B Strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of occult bacteremia in neonates?

A

GBS

E. coli

Listeria

Staph aureus

Coag. neg staph and Candida = preterm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are causes of occult bacteria in children?

A

Strep pneumo

Neisseria

Salmonella

S. aureus

Group A Strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the workup for fever, leukocytosis and no obvious focus of infection?

A

Blood/urine Cx

CBC

CXR

LP if < 28 days, AMS or meningeal signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Occult bacteremia

A

< 28 days = Amp and Gent +/- hospitalization

29-90 days = Low risk i.e. normal UA, WBC < 15k

High risk ceftriaxone, IV ampicillin if enterococcus or listeria

3-36 mo = Ceftriaxone if WBC > 15 or septic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

5 year old boy presents with sudden onset of high fever, reddish-purple spots, rapidly progressing to shock.

A

Meningiococcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S/Sx of meningococcemia - N meningitidis (3)

A

Shock - endotoxin

Petechiae - purpura - ecchymoses

Adrenal hemorrhage/insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you treat meningococcemia?

A

IV penicillin

Vaccine!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common opportunistic infections in HIV (5)

A

Toxoplasmosis

Cryptococcosis

PCP/jiroveci

MAC/MAI/kansasii

CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Toxo s/sx and treatment

A

Mononucleosis syndrome = Fever, LAD, HSM

Dx: antibodies

Tx: Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

*replace folic acid*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cyrptococcosis - S/sx

A

Fungal lung infection

AIDS presentation = Subacute/chronic meningitis

Typical presentation = Fever, HA, malaise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you treat cryptococcosis?

A

Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

High rate of recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you diagnose cryptococcosis?

A

ELISA

India ink + CSF = White halos (Yeast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does PCP present, how do you diagnose and treat it?

A

Bad pneumonia

CXR = interstitial infiltrates x2

DX: Methenamine silver staining or Giemsa stain

Tx: TMP/SMZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does MAC present? How do you dx and treat it?

A

Fever, malaise, weight loss, night sweats +/- abd. sx

Dx: Culture

Tx: Clarithromycine or Azithromycin + Rifampin or cipro etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 2 things rifabutin can do?

A

Dec. serum AZT and clarithromycin

Turn secretions orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who gets TMP/SMZ for PCP ppx?

A

CD4 < 200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who gets rifabutin, or clarithromycin or azithromycin ppx for MAC?

A

CD4 < 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does CMV present? How do you dx and treat it?

A

Pneumonitis, retinitis, mono-like

ELISA

Enlarged cells with large intranuclear inclusions

Tx: None, IV foscarnet or ganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dew drops on a rose petal

A

Chicken pox - hides in sensory ganglia cells

Crops of new clear vesicles - crust over

Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck (herpes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Koplik spots - grayish white spots in mouth

High fever, coryza rash, LAD

A

Rubeola (Measles)

Supportive Treatment

22
Q

Who shouldn’t get the measles vaccine?

A

Pregnant women

TB

Immunocompromised

Allergy to eggs or neomycin

23
Q

High fever

Mild URI

Cervical LAD

Small discrete raised lesions on trunk spreading to neck face and proximal extremities

A

Roseola

*Can trigger febrile seizures in young children*

24
Q

When is rubella contagious?

A

1 week before rash appears to 1 week after it fades

25
Fever Mild LAD - retroauricular, post. cervical Rash on face spreads to trunk - not itchy
Rubella Supportive treatment Vaccine!
26
Swelling one or both parotid glands Orchitis, pancreatitis, thyroiditis, myocarditis, deafness
Mumps - paramyxovirus Vaccine!
27
When do initial lesions of untreated lyme disease fade?
28 days
28
Erythema chronicum migrans
Target shaped rash of lyme disease
29
What are early presenations of Lyme Disease?
Migrating erythematous rash Fever Myalgia, HA, malaise
30
What are the late presentations of Lyme Disease?
Arthritis Carditis Neurologic problems
31
How do you treat lyme disease
Amoxicillin or doxycycline
32
How common are false-negative results in first 2-4 weeks of Lyme diesase
Commo enough
33
What are weird neuro complications of lyme disease?
Bell's Palsy Meningitis, encephalitis Carditis AV block
34
Diarrhea later changing to constipation Rose-colored spots on trunk HSM Fever, malaise, HA, myalgia
Typhoid Fever
35
How do you treat typhoid fever (salmonella typhi)
Culture, anemia Amoxicillin or TMP/SMZ
36
Ulcerative mouth lesions Hand and foot lesions - hands more common Usually on dorsal surfaces, may be on palsm/soles
Hand-Foot-Mouth Coxsackievirus A16 Comp: Aseptic meningitis, paralytic disease
37
Rickettsia ricketsii Rash: Extremities to trunk - blanchable macules Palms and soles
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
38
How do you dx and treat rocky mountain spotted fever?
**Clinical** - can't wait for test results **Tetracycline** or **Chloramphenicol**
39
Who doesn't get tetracycline?
Kids \< 8 yo
40
What are potential complications of chloramphenicol
Hepatotoxicity Grey Baby Syndrome \*\*Still indicated in RMSF\*\*
41
What are causes of TSS?
Toxins from Staph aureus = Superantigens Tampon, nasal packing, wound packing, abscess
42
What lab results do you see in TSS?
Coagulopathy Dec Ca, albumin High WBC, BUN, Cre, CPK
43
How do you treat TSS?
IVF Source Control IV β-lactamase-resistant-antibiotic
44
How do you diagnose Coccidioidomycosis
History, _usually self-limited_ Tissue culture, **nodules** on CXR **inc. ESR,** **alk** **phos****, eosinophil** PO Itraconazole or IV amphotericin
45
Histoplasmosis
Flu-like, HSM Dx: **Mediastinal granulomas** on CXR, **inc. LFT**, **culture** Tx: PO **Itraconazole**, IV **Amphotericin B**
46
Schistosomiasis
S/Sx: Malaise, cough, abdominal pain, hematuria Dx: Eggs in stool/urine Tx: Praziquantel
47
What types of things can be caused by schistosomiasis?
Bladder granulomas - bladder cancer, ESRD Ulceration of intestine/colon, bloody diarrhea SHM, portal HTN, hematemesis
48
Visceral Larva Migrans
**Cough**, fever, **wheezing**, **seizures** **HSM**, rales, rash DDX **retinoblastoma** Dx: Eosinophilia + serology Tx: Self-limited
49
What is antibiotic ppx for human, cat and dog bites?
Amox/Clav Clean, debride, irrigate Tetanus
50
Abrasions and lacerations
Clean/debride/irrigate +/- suture **Cephalexin** for empiric tx - likely staph/strep

Peds Shelf (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions