Growth and Development Flashcards
Who gets a special growth chart? (6)
Premature (Babson)
Downs
Prader-Willi
Cerebral palsy
Williams Syndrome
Myelomeningocele
When does the greatest growth occur in a normal child?
First year
By what age does a term infant regain to birth weight?
2 weeks
How much should an infant gain in the first 3 months? By their first birthday?
First 3 months = 1 kg/mo
1 yo = 3 x birth weight
Which of the following hormones are important for fetal and postnatal growth: IGF, GH, TH.
IGF = fetal and postnatal growth
GH = postnatal growth
TH = fetal development (CNS)
When is fetal weight gain the greatest?
3rd trimester
What teeth erupt first? By what age do kids have all their primary teeth?
Central incisors @ 5-8 months
Second molars @ 20-30 months
All by 2 1/2 yo
When do permanent teeth erupt?
6-7 years
What causes microcephaly (3 SD < mean)
Genetic: Familial, Trisomy 21, 18, cri-du-chat, Prader-Willi
Prenatal: Drug use, TORCH, maternal PKU, dec placenta blood flow
Structural malformation: lissencephaly
**Predisposes to cognitive/motor delay & seizures
What is affected first by FTT?
Weight
Height
Head circumference
What causes macrocephaly?
Familial | 50%
Hydrocephalus, Sotos syndrome, large brain (megalencephaly), cranioskeletal dysplasia
What accounts for most cases of FTT in the US?
Psychosocial reasons
Failure to Thrive
Weight < 3rd percentile
SMALL KID
Subcut fat loss
Muscle atrophy
Alopecia
Lagging behind norms
Lethargy
Kwashiorkor/marasmus
Infection
Dermatitis
Lack of weight gain after adequate caloric feedings is characteristic of what?
Nonorganic FTT
Abuse, neglect, improper feeding
How long should you correct for age of preterm infants?
18-24 months
*for kids born > 2 weeks early
What should a kid at 1 month do?
M: react to pain
L: react to noise
S: regard human face & eye contact
What should a kid at 2 months do?
M: Eyes track object to midline, head up prone
L: Vocalize
S: Social smile, recognize parent
What should a kid do at 4 months?
M Eyes follow past midline, rolls over
L: Laughs and squeals
S: Regards hand
*high*
What should a kid do at 6 months?
M: Sit unsupported, transfer objects, rolls prone to supine
L: Babbles
S: Recognizes strangers
S’s
What should a kid do at 9 months?
M: Pincer grasp (10), crawl, cruise
L: Mama/dada, bye-bye
S: Explores
What should a kid do at 1 year?
M: Walk, throw object
L: 1-3 words, follow 1 step commands
S: Stranger and separation anxiety
What should a kid be able to do at 2 years?
M: Stairs, copy a line, run, kick ball
L: 2-word phrases, pronouns, name, 1/2 of speech is understood
S: Parallel play
What should a kid be able to do by 3 years?
M: Copy a circle, tricycle, 3 cubes, repeat 3 numbers
L: Sentences, 3 colors
S: Group play, simple games, gender
What should a kid be able to do by 4 years?
M: ID body parts, copy cross/square, hop on 1 foot, throw overhand
L: Speech understood, past tense, tell a story
S: Plays w/ kids
What should a kid be able to do by 5 years?
M: Copy a triangle, catch a ball, partially dress self
L: Writes name, counts to 10
What should a kid be able to by 6 years?
M: Draw a person w/ 6 parts, tie shoes, skip
L: ID left and right
At what age does sucking become voluntary?
3 months?
AT what age do most reflexes disappear?
4-6 months
What are the delayed reflexes? (2)
Startle: After moro disappears to 1 year
Parachute
What percent of children have some sort of learning disability?
10%
How much do infants sleep?
18 hours/day
@ 4 months nighttime sleep is consolidated
At what age do parasomnias begin?
3 years
Nightmares occur during _________.
Night terrors, somnambulism (sleepwalking) occur during ________.
REM sleep - wakes scared
Non-Rem sleep - doesn’t remember
