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Peds Shelf > Growth and Development > Flashcards

Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Who gets a special growth chart? (6)

A

Premature (Babson)

Downs

Prader-Willi

Cerebral palsy

Williams Syndrome

Myelomeningocele

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2
Q

When does the greatest growth occur in a normal child?

A

First year

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3
Q

By what age does a term infant regain to birth weight?

A

2 weeks

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4
Q

How much should an infant gain in the first 3 months? By their first birthday?

A

First 3 months = 1 kg/mo

1 yo = 3 x birth weight

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5
Q

Which of the following hormones are important for fetal and postnatal growth: IGF, GH, TH.

A

IGF = fetal and postnatal growth

GH = postnatal growth

TH = fetal development (CNS)

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6
Q

When is fetal weight gain the greatest?

A

3rd trimester

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7
Q

What teeth erupt first? By what age do kids have all their primary teeth?

A

Central incisors @ 5-8 months

Second molars @ 20-30 months

All by 2 1/2 yo

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8
Q

When do permanent teeth erupt?

A

6-7 years

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9
Q

What causes microcephaly (3 SD < mean)

A

Genetic: Familial, Trisomy 21, 18, cri-du-chat, Prader-Willi

Prenatal: Drug use, TORCH, maternal PKU, dec placenta blood flow

Structural malformation: lissencephaly

**Predisposes to cognitive/motor delay & seizures

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10
Q

What is affected first by FTT?

A

Weight

Height

Head circumference

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11
Q

What causes macrocephaly?

A

Familial | 50%

Hydrocephalus, Sotos syndrome, large brain (megalencephaly), cranioskeletal dysplasia

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12
Q

What accounts for most cases of FTT in the US?

A

Psychosocial reasons

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13
Q

Failure to Thrive

A

Weight < 3rd percentile

SMALL KID

Subcut fat loss

Muscle atrophy

Alopecia

Lagging behind norms

Lethargy

Kwashiorkor/marasmus

Infection

Dermatitis

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14
Q

Lack of weight gain after adequate caloric feedings is characteristic of what?

A

Nonorganic FTT

Abuse, neglect, improper feeding

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15
Q

How long should you correct for age of preterm infants?

A

18-24 months

*for kids born > 2 weeks early

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16
Q

What should a kid at 1 month do?

A

M: react to pain

L: react to noise

S: regard human face & eye contact

17
Q

What should a kid at 2 months do?

A

M: Eyes track object to midline, head up prone

L: Vocalize

S: Social smile, recognize parent

18
Q

What should a kid do at 4 months?

A

M Eyes follow past midline, rolls over

L: Laughs and squeals

S: Regards hand

*high*

19
Q

What should a kid do at 6 months​?

A

M: Sit unsupported, transfer objects, rolls prone to supine

L: Babbles

S: Recognizes strangers

S’s

20
Q

What should a kid do at 9 months​?

A

M: Pincer grasp (10), crawl, cruise

L: Mama/dada, bye-bye

S: Explores

21
Q

What should a kid do at 1 year?

A

M: Walk, throw object

L: 1-3 words, follow 1 step commands

S: Stranger and separation anxiety

22
Q

What should a kid be able to do at 2 years?

A

M: Stairs, copy a line, run, kick ball

L: 2-word phrases, pronouns, name, 1/2 of speech is understood

S: Parallel play

23
Q

What should a kid be able to do by 3 years?

A

M: Copy a circle, tricycle, 3 cubes, repeat 3 numbers

L: Sentences, 3 colors

S: Group play, simple games, gender

24
Q

What should a kid be able to do by 4 years?

A

M: ID body parts, copy cross/square, hop on 1 foot, throw overhand

L: Speech understood, past tense, tell a story

S: Plays w/ kids

25
Q

What should a kid be able to do by 5 years?

A

M: Copy a triangle, catch a ball, partially dress self

L: Writes name, counts to 10

26
Q

What should a kid be able to by 6 years?

A

M: Draw a person w/ 6 parts, tie shoes, skip

L: ID left and right

27
Q

At what age does sucking become voluntary?

A

3 months?

28
Q

AT what age do most reflexes disappear?

A

4-6 months

29
Q

What are the delayed reflexes? (2)

A

Startle: After moro disappears to 1 year

Parachute

30
Q

What percent of children have some sort of learning disability?

A

10%

31
Q

How much do infants sleep?

A

18 hours/day

@ 4 months nighttime sleep is consolidated

32
Q

At what age do parasomnias begin?

A

3 years

33
Q

Nightmares occur during _________.

Night terrors, somnambulism (sleepwalking) occur during ________.

A

REM sleep - wakes scared

Non-Rem sleep - doesn’t remember

Peds Shelf (11 decks)

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