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infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

type of bacteria with a thick cell wall and color on gram stain

A

gram positive, purple/blue

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2
Q

type of bacteria with thin cell wall and color on gram stain

A

gram neg, pink/red

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3
Q

staphylococcus (+/-)

A

gram positive cocci

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4
Q

streptococcus (+/-)

A

gram positive cocci

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5
Q

enterococcus (+/-)

A

gram positive cocci

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6
Q

clostridium (+/-)

A

gram positive rod

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7
Q

listeria (+/-)

A

gram positive rod

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8
Q

chlamydia (+/-)

A

atypical

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9
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae (+/-)

A

atypical

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10
Q

acinetobacter (+/-)

A

gram neg coccobacillus

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11
Q

nesseria gonorrhoeae (+/-)

A

gram neg cocci

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12
Q

neisseria meningitidis (+/-)

A

gram neg cocci

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13
Q

bordetella pertussis (+/-)

A

gram neg coccobacillus

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14
Q

pasteurella multocida (+/-)

A

gram neg coccobacillus

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15
Q

moraxella catarrhalis (+/-)

A

gram neg coccobacillus

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16
Q

campylobacter (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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17
Q

citrobacter (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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18
Q

enterobacter (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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19
Q

pseudomonas (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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20
Q

e. coli (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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21
Q

haemophilus influenzae (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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22
Q

h pylori (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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23
Q

klebsiella (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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24
Q

legionella (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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25
Q

salmonella (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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26
Q

proteus (+/-)

A

gram neg rod

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27
Q

aminoglycocides moa

A

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30s and 50s ribosomal subunits –> killing cell membrane

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28
Q

aminoglycosides (concentration/time dependent)

A

concentration dependent

29
Q

post antibiotic effect

A

continued suppression of bacterial growth when levels are below MIC for the organism

30
Q

antibiotics with post antibiotic effect

A

aminoglycosides

31
Q

dosing aminoglycosides

A

extended interval dosing - can do this d/t concentration dependent and post antibiotic effect

32
Q

nephrotoxicity is (increased/decreased) by the extended interval dosing with aminoglycosides

33
Q

aminoglycoside coverage

A

gram negative (esp pseudomonas), gent and streptomycin are used in synergy for gram positive cocci (staph/enterococcus in setting of endocarditis) with beta lactase or vancomycin

34
Q

gentamicin routes of admin

A

IV, IM, ophthalmic, topical

35
Q

tobramycin routes of admin

A

IV, IM, ophthalmic, inhaled

36
Q

amikacin routes of admin

37
Q

aminoglycosides dosing weight

A

total body weight unless obese then used ADJUSTED body weight

38
Q

boxed warnings for AMGs

A

neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, fetal harm

39
Q

gent/tobra extended interval dosing

A

4-7 mg/kg/dose

40
Q

amikacin extended interval dosing

A

15-20 mg/kg/dose

41
Q

gent/tobra traditional dosing

A

1-2.5mg/kg/dose

42
Q

amikacin traditional dosing

A

5-7.5 mg/kg/dose

43
Q

PCNs MOA

A

beta lactams that inhibit cell wall synthesis by binding to

PCN binding proteins - bactericidal

44
Q

PCNs (concentration/time dependent)

A

time dependent

45
Q

when are ahminoglycosides needed for synergy when using PCNs

A

with enterococci species

46
Q

PCNs coverage

A

gram positive cocci and some gram neg bacilli; no atypical coverage

47
Q

PCNs with extended gram neg coverage and what do they cover

A

piperacillin/ticarcillin, pseudomonas aeruginosa

48
Q

adding a beta lamase inhibitor to PCNs allows for what coverage

A

anaerobic (bacteroides), haemophilus, neisseria

49
Q

PCNs with enhanced activity against MSSA

A

nafcillin and oxacillin

50
Q

PCNs with activity against enterococci

A

amipcillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin

51
Q

amoxicillin brand name

52
Q

amoxicillin DOC in

A

acute otitis media, h pylori (multi drug combination), prophylaxis for endocarditis

53
Q

amoxicillin+clavulanate brand name

54
Q

amoxicillin dosing

A

250-500mg po q8h, 500-887 po q12h, 775 MG XR (moxatag) daily

55
Q

amoxicillin dosing for h pylori treatment

A

1000mg po bid

56
Q

amoxicillin dosing for IE prevention

A

2 grams po 30-60 min before dental procedure

57
Q

amox/clav dosing

A

500 mg tie, 875 mg bid, 2000 XR po bid with food

58
Q

amipcillin dosing

A

250-500mg po q6h ON EMPTY STOMACH 1 HR BEFORE OR 2 HRS AFTER MEALS or 1-2g iv q4-6h

59
Q

amicillin/sulbactam brand name

A

unasyn - iv dosing only!!!!

60
Q

unasyn dosing

A

1.5-3grams iv q6h

61
Q

unasyn 3 g

A

2g ampicillin/1g sulbactam

62
Q

unasyn 1.5g

A

1g ampicillin/0.5g sulbactam

63
Q

penicillin dosing

A

125-500mg po q6-8h on empty sotmach

64
Q

penicillin g benzathine doing

A

1.2-2.4 MU IM x1

65
Q

piperacillin/taabactam (zosyn) dosing

A

3.375g IV q6h or 4.5g iv q6-8h

66
Q

piperacillin doing

A

3-4g iv q4-6h

67
Q

which oral suspension of PCNs must be refrigerated and which has better taste with refrigeration but is stable for 14 days on shelf

A

augmentin/penVK: refridgerate

amoxil: improves taste

68
Q

IV infusions of ampicillin: compatibility, stability

A

NS only/stable for 8 hours

69
Q

which PCN is a vesicant that can cause extravasation and what is the treatment if it occurs

A

nafcillin - use cold packs, hyaluronidase injections and central line admin is preferred

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