Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paeds > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Vaccination schedule?

A

2 months - 6in1, PCV, MenB, rotavirus
4 months - 6in1, MenB, rotavirus
6 months - 6in1, PCV, MenC
12 months - MMR, MenB
13 months - HiB/MenC, PCV

Junior Infants - MMR and 4in1
First Year - HPV, Tdap and Men ACWY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What vaccines are in the 6in1?

A

diphtheria
tetanus
polio
pertussis
Hep B
haemophilus influenza B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What vaccines are in the MMR vaccine?

A

measles
mumps
rubella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What vaccines are in the 4in1 vaccine?

A

diphtheria
tetanus
polio
pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What vaccines are in the Tdap vaccine?

A

tetanus
low dose pertussis
low dose diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of bacterial meningitis?

A

children and adults -> NHS
neonates -> GBS, E coli, Listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Presentation of meningitis?

A

fever
neck stiffness
photophobia
headache
vomiting
reduced consciousness
seizures
neonates -> hypotonia, poor feeding, lethargy, irritability, hypothermia, bulging fontanelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Special tests for meningitis?

A

Kernig’s test (lying on back with hip flexed and straighten knee- pain and resistance = positive)
Brudzinski’s test (lie on back and flex neck- knee and hip flexion = positive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mx of meningitis?

A

in community give stat dose of IM benzylpenicillin before transfer
ideally LP before antibiotics but don’t delay
<3 months -> amoxicillin + cefotaxime
>3months -> ceftriaxone
dexamethasone to reduce hearing loss and neuro damage
acyclovir to cover for viral

prophylaxis to close contacts -> stat dose of ciprofloxacin or rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of viral meningitis?

A

herpes simplex virus
enterovirus
varicella zoster virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lumbar puncture viral vs bacterial?

A

bacterial cloudy, viral clear
protein high in bacterial, normal in viral
glucose low in bacterial, normal in viral
neutrophil-predominant in bacterial, lymphocyte-predominant in viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complications of meningitis?

A

sensorineural hearing loss
seizures and epilepsy
cognitive impairment and learning disability
memory loss
cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common cause of encephalitis?

A

viruses
bacterial and fungal v rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Viral causes of encephalitis?

A

HSV (most common)
VZV
CMV
EBV
enterovirus
adenovirus
influenza
polio, mumps, rubella (always ask about vaccines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Presentation of encephalitis?

A

altered consciousness
altered cognition
unusual behaviour
acute onset of focal neurological symptoms
acute onset of focal seizures
fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Investigations for encephalitis?

A

LP
CT (if LP contraindicated)
MRI
EEG
swabs
HIV testing

17
Q

Contraindications for LP?

A

GCS<9
haemodynamically unstable
active seizures
post-ictal
meningococcal septicaemia
raised ICP

18
Q

Mx of encephalitis?

A

acyclovir (HSV, VZV)
ganciclovir (CMV)

19
Q

Complications of encephalitis?

A

prolonged recovery
fatigue
change in personality or mood
change to memory or cognition
learning disability
headache
chronic pain
movement disorders
sensory disturbance
seizures
hormonal imbalance

20
Q

What is infectious mononucleosis caused by?

A

Ebstein-Barr Virus

21
Q

Presentation of infectious mononucleosis?

A

fever
sore throat
fatigue
lymphadenopathy
tonsillar enlargement
splenomegaly (rarely splenic rupture)

rash after penicillins

22
Q

Complications of infectious mononucleosis?

A

splenic rupture
glomerulonephritis
haemolytic anaemia
thrombocytopenia
chronic fatigue
malignancy (Burkitt’s lymphoma)

23
Q

Most common complication post-meningitis?

A

sensorineural hearing loss

24
Q

Protection against mumps provided by the MMR vaccine?

A

80%

25
Q

Presentation of mumps?

A

pro-drome flu-like symptoms a few days before parotid swelling

fever
muscle aches
lethargy
reduced appetite
headache
dry mouth

parotid gland swelling
testicular pain (orchitis)
abdo pain (pancreatitis)
confusion, neck stiffness, photophobia (meningitis, encephalitis)

26
Q

Mx of mumps?

A

diagnosis confirmed by PCR of saliva
notifiable disease
supportive management

27
Q

Complications of mumps?

A

orchitis
pancreatitis
meningitis
encephalitis
sensorineural hearing loss

28
Q

Prevention of HIV transmission during birth?

A

normal vaginal delivery if viral load <50
C section considered if >50 and done in all >400
IV zidovudine if >10,000

29
Q

Prophylaxis for HIV in neonates?

A

low-risk babies where maternal viral load <50 should get zidovudine for 4wks
high-risk babies should get zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine for 4wks

30
Q

Breast feeding in mothers with HIV?

A

never acceptable

31
Q

Testing of children with HIV positive parents?

A

HIV viral load at 3 months
HIV antibody test at 24 months

(antibody test may be falsely positive up to 18 months due to maternal antibodies that crossed the placenta)

Paeds (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions