Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3a Child Health > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is Kawasaki Disease?

A

Self-limiting systemic medium sized vasculitis particularly affecting coronary arteries (inflammation of blood vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of Kawasaki Disease?

A

Cojunctivitis, erythema, oedema, irritability, mucositis, strawberry tongue, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What investigation needs to be done in Kawasaki Disease?

A

ECHO - coronary artery aneurysms, valvular disease, pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is aspirin normally contraindicated in children?

A

Due to the risk of Reye’s Syndrome - rare encephalopathy associated with liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment for Kawasaki Disease?

A

Oral aspirin, IV Ig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is the MMR vaccine given?

A

1 year, 3 years 4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe measles and its spread

A

It is a highly contagious respiratory viral infection caused by morbillivirus spread by droplet spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the presentation of measles?

A

Koplik spots, erythematous, maculopapular rash, cough, coryza, diarrhoea, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an antiviral that can be used in measles for those immunocompromised?

A

Ribavirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes chicken pox?

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the rash of chicken pox

A

Begins as small erythematous macules on scalp, face, trunk and proximal limbs
Develops into papules, vesicles and pustules in itchy crops
Crusting usually after 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why should NSAIDs be avoided in chicken pox?

A

Increase the risk of necrotising soft tissue infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can high risk groups be given for chicken pox?

A

Aciclovir and IV IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can be a long-term effect of chicken pox?

A

VZV remains dormant in the sensory nerve ganglia of the dorsal root and can reactivate as herpes zoster (Shingles) years later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is rubella?

A

German measles caused by maternal infection with rubella virus in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who is a rubella rash itchy in?

A

Adults only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes scalded skin syndrome?

A

Staph aureus - produces epidermolytic toxins which break down proteins holding skin cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the presentation of scalded skin syndrome?

A

Generalised erythema progressing to bullae (fluid filled blisters) which burst, fever, irritability, lethargy and dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Nikolsky sign?

A

In SSS - gentle rubbing of the skin causes it to peel away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is polio?

A

Highly infectious disease caused by virus transmitted via faecal-oral route and can invade the nervous system and cause paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the presentation of polio?

A

Fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, neck stiffness, limb pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is the polio vaccine given?

A

8, 12, 16 weeks, 3 years 4 months, 14 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is TB?

A

Infectious disease caused by mycobacteritum tuberculosis (small rod-shaped bacillus) spread by droplet infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you test for TB?

A

Acid fast so stained using Zehil-Neelsen stain turning red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the initial presentation of TB (4-8 weeks)?

A

Febrile illness, fever, night sweats, SOB, malaise, chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the presentation of TB at 6-9 months?

A

Progressive healing of primary complex, effusion, cavitation, coin lesion on CXR, miliary spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the diagnosis for TB?

A

Sputum sample x 3
Mantoux skin test
CXR - gohn focus and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the treatment for TB?

A

RIPE = Rifampicin, Isonazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is given with treatment for TB after puberty?

A

Pyridoxine (B6) because isonazid depletes B6 causing peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How long are RIPE drugs given for TB?

A

R and I for 6 months and P and E for 2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the side effects of RIPE drugs?

A

R - red body fluids
I - peripheral neuropathy
P - hepatitis and gout
E - optic neuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What vaccine can be used for TB?

A

BCG - recommended at birth for high risk groups such as Asian or African origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is HIV?

A

RNA retrovirus which destroys CD4 T-helper cells and leads to AIDS when levels are below 200 cells/ mm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is given to babies if mothers HIV copies are above 10,000?

A

IV Zidovudine

36
Q

What are some later clinical features of HIV in children?

A

Cough, hypoxaemia, delayed development, cerebral palsy, splenomegaly, failure to thrive, chronic diarrhoea, recurrent infections

37
Q

Name 2 AIDS defining illnesses in children

A

PCP and Candida oesophagitis

38
Q

When is a c-section used for HIV mothers?

A

Copies over 50

39
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges

40
Q

What are the viral causes of meningitis?

A

Viral is most common overall
VZV, HSV and mumps

41
Q

What is a bacterial cause of meningitis in newborns?

A

Group B strep and listeria monocytogenes

42
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis?

A

Strep pneumoniae

43
Q

What is the presentation of meningitis in children?

A

Fever, vomiting, headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, altered consciousness, seizures

44
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis in babies?

A

Very non-specific such as hypotonia, poor feeding, lethargy, hypothermia and bulging fontanelle

45
Q

What is a sign of meningococcal septicaemia?

A

Non-blanching purpuric rash

46
Q

What is kernigs sign?

A

Flex the hip, extend the knee and positive if there is a hamstring spasm

47
Q

What is brudzinskis sign?

A

Passively flex neck and if there is hip/ knee flexion = positive

48
Q

What is the diagnosis of meningitis?

A

LP at L4 within an hour
CT head
Blood cultures
Throat swab
Blood glucose

49
Q

What does LP show for viral meningitis?

A

Lymphocytes
Normal protein
Normal glucose

50
Q

What does LP show for bacterial meningitis?

A

Neutrophil polymorphs
Low glucose
High protein

51
Q

What is the treatment for meningitis?

A

IM Ben pen in community if septicaemia
Under 3 months - Amoxicillin and Cefotaxime
After 3 months - Ceftriaxone
Steroids - Dexamethasone
Viral - Aciclovir

52
Q

What can be used for post exposure prophylaxis in meningitis?

A

Ciprofloxacin or Rifampicin - single dose within 24 hours for those with close contact within 7 days

53
Q

List some complications of meningitis

A

Hearing loss, epilepsy, seizures, cerebral palsy, memory loss, vasculitis, cognitive impairment

54
Q

When is meningitis vaccination given?

A

MenB - 8, 16 weeks and 1 year
6-in-1 given at 8, 12 and 16 weeks (Hib)
Pneumococcal - 12 weeks, 1 year
Hib/ Men C given at 1 year
MMR
MenACWY - 14 years

55
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of brain parenchyma

56
Q

What is the most common cause of encephalitis?

A

HSV-1 from cold sores

57
Q

Name some non-infective causes of encephalitis

A

TB, malaria, vaccination, previous infection, autoimmune disease

58
Q

What is the presentation of encephalitis?

A

Altered consciousness and cognition, unusual behaviour, acute onset of focal neurological symptoms, focal seizures, fever

59
Q

What is the LP for encephalitis?

A

Elevated lymphocytes
Normal glucose
Raised protein

60
Q

Give some contraindications for a lumbar puncture

A

Focal neurology
Infection at LP site
Increased intracranial pressure
Active seizures
GCS below 9

61
Q

What is the treatment for encephalitis?

A

Aciclovir for HSV and VZV
Ganciclovir for CMV

62
Q

What can be given for high ICP?

A

Dexamethasone

63
Q

Give some other causes of encephalitis

A

VZV, CMV, ebstein-barr

64
Q

What is parvovirus?

A

Slapped cheek syndrome - parvovirus b19 induces immune complex formations that deposit in joints and the skin

65
Q

What is the presentation of Parvovirus?

A

Low grade fever, headache, macules on face which spreads to limbs but spares palms and soles

66
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Staph or strep skin infection

67
Q

What is the characteristic of a staph skin infection?

A

Golden crust

68
Q

Describe non-bullous impetigo

A

Typically around nose or mouth, forms a golden crust
Topical fusidic acid can be used for treatment

69
Q

Describe bullous impetigo

A

Always caused by staph aureus
Causes fluid filled vesicles which can form a golden crust
Systemic symptoms are more common
Treatment with flucloxacillin

70
Q

Give some complications of Impetigo

A

Cellulitis, sepsis, scarring, post strep glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever

71
Q

What is Candida?

A

A yeast infection causing no harm found on skin, vaginal area and digestive system but it can sometimes overgrow and cause a rash and itching

72
Q

What are the causes of Candida becoming problematic?

A

Damaged skin, warm, humid, weak immune system, antibiotics, too long between nappy changes

73
Q

What are the symptoms of Candida?

A

Rash, patches that ooze clear fluid, pimples, itching or burning, white or yellow vaginal discharge, white patches on tongue, swelling, pain, pus

74
Q

What is the treatment for Candida?

A

Fungal creams - Clotrimazole
Thrush- medicated mouthwash or lozenges
Oral anti-fungals - Fluconazole

75
Q

What is toxic shock syndrome?

A

Acute multi-system inflammatory response to exotoxin mediated bacterial infection which can progress to septic shock

76
Q

What are the risk factors for toxic shock syndrome?

A

Small surface area burn, children 1-4 years 2 days after a small burn

77
Q

What are the causes of toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staph aureus and strep pyogenes

78
Q

What is the presentation of toxic shock syndrome?

A

Fever over 39, macular rash, diarrhoea, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, confusion, weakness, fatigue

79
Q

What is the treatment for toxic shock syndrome?

A

Add IV Clindamycin to: -
Staph aureus - IV Fluclox
MRSA - IV Vancomycin
Strep - IV ben pen

80
Q

What is scarlet fever?

A

Group A strep infection usually tonsilitis
Caused by an exotoxin produced by strep pyogenes

81
Q

What is the presentation of scarlet fever?

A

red-pink, blotchy macular rash with sandpaper skin starting on trunk and spreading outwards
Red cheeks
Fever
Lethargy
Sore throat
Strawberry tongue

82
Q

What is the treatment for scarlet fever?

A

Penicillin V for 10 days

83
Q

What is Coxsackie Disease?

A

Hand, foot and mouth caused by Coxsackie A virus

84
Q

What is the presentation of Coxsackie A virus?

A

URT symptoms - dry mouth, sore throat, fatigue, fever
Small mouth ulcers
Blistering red spots

85
Q

How do you treat threadworm?

A

Oral Mebendazole

86
Q

What is the tetrad of HSP?

A

Rash, abdominal pain, arthralgia and glomerulonephritis

3a Child Health (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions