Dermatology Flashcards
What is eczema?
Chronic inflammatory skin condition with dry, scaly and itchy red skin often on face and scalp
Name some eczema triggers
Soaps, detergents, synthetic fabrics, perfumes, pets, pollens, stress, diet
Where is eczema typical in infants?
Flexures, face and scalp
What is a topical cream for eczema?
Hydrocortisone
Name 2 complications of eczema
Bacterial infection with staph aureus
HSV
What is the atopic march?
Children with eczema will develop hay fever or asthma in the future (1/3 of them)
What is Stevens Johnson Sydnrome?
A disproportional immune response results in blistering and shedding of the top layer of skin
What can cause Stevens Johnson Syndrome?
Anti-epileptics, antibiotics, allopurinol, NSAIDs, HSV, CMV, HIV
What are the symptoms of Stevens Johnson Syndrome?
Non-specific fever, cough, sore throat, sore mouth and eyes, itchy skin
Develops to a purple or red rash that spreads across the skin and blisters
Skin starts to break away and shed to leave raw skin
Name 3 complications of Stevens Johnson Syndrome
Secondary infection - cellulitis and sepsis
Permanent skin damage
Visual complications - blindness
What is allergic rhinitis?
IgE mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction
What is the presentation of allergic rhinitis?
Runny, blocked and itchy nose
Sneezing
Itchy, red and swollen eyes
Name a non-sedating antihistamine
Fexofenadine
Name a sedating antihistamine
Chlorphenamine (Piriton)
What is the presentation of anaphylaxis?
Urticaria, itching, angio-oedema with lip and eye swelling, SOB, abdominal pain, wheeze, tachycardia, collapse
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?
IM adrenaline 500mcg
What is measured after anaphylaxis?
serum mast cell tryptase
What is a hemangioma?
A strawberry or deep birth mark
What is a salmon patch?
Harmless clusters of blood vessels
What is a stork bite?
A salmon patch on the back of the neck
What is a port wine stain?
A birth mark that can be red or pink and can darken with age
Treat with pulse dye laser
What are cafe au lait spots?
Form when skin cells produce excess melanin
6 or more may be linked to neurofibromatosis type I
What is psoriasis?
Immune mediated T cell disorder with scaly plaques classically on elbows, knees and scalp
What is guttate psoriasis?
Often triggered by strep throat infection - raised papules on trunk and limbs when turn to plaques
What is Pityriasis Rosea?
Caused likely secondary to reaction to viral infection
Or herpes virus
What is the presentation of pityriasis rosea?
A herald patch and then a christmas tree distribution
What is erysipelas?
Superficial skin infection
What is cellulitis?
Deeper subcutaneous tissue infection
What can be given as acne treatment?
Topical retinoids,
Topical benzoyl peroxide
Oral retinoids
Topical antibiotics
How does Roaccutane work?
Reduces production of sebum, reduces inflammation and bacterial growth
Give some side effects of roaccutanne
Teratogenic, headaches, dry skin and lips, photosensitivity, suicidal ideation
What is the treatment for scabies?
Oral Ivermectin
Give 2 features of mild eczema
Dry skin, infrequent itching and there may be redness
Give 2 features of moderate eczema
Dry skin, frequent itching, redness
Give 3 features of severe eczema
Continuous itching, lichenification, systemic symptoms, redness and widespread areas of dry skin
