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infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

Travellers diarrhoea Cause

A

E. Coli

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2
Q

Meningococcal prophylaxis for close contacts

A

PO Ciprofloxacin/ Rifampicin

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3
Q

Bacterial Meningitis Mx

A

IV Cefotaxime (+Amoxicillin <3yo or >50yo)

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4
Q

Meningococcal meningitis Mx

A

IV Benpen/ Cefotaxime/ Ceftriaxone

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5
Q

Meningitis caused by Pneumococcal or Haemophilus Mx

A

IV Cefotaxime/ Ceftriaxone

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6
Q

Meningitis caused by Listeria Mx

A

IV Amox + Gent

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7
Q

Causes of bloody diarrhoea

A

Shigella - vomiting, abdo pain
Campylobacter - flu-like prodrome, fever, abdo pain
Amoebiasis - gradual onset, weeks maybe

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8
Q

Gonorrhea (Gram neg diplococcus) Mx

A

1st - IM Ceftriaxone + GUM clinic
2nd - PO Cefixime + PO Azithromycin

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9
Q

Lyme disease Ix

A

1st - Erythema Migrans - clinical diagnosis
2nd - ELISA for Borrelia Burgdorferi (repeat after 4-6 weeks if initial test negative, but is suspected)
3rd - immunoblot test

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10
Q

Lyme disease Mx

A

Doxycycline
Or Amox (eg pregnancy)

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11
Q

Animal or Human bite Mx

A

Co-Amoxiclav
If pen allergy - Metro + Doxy

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12
Q

Diarrhoea incubation periods
1-6 hrs
12-48 hrs
48-72 hrs
> 7 days

A

1-6 hrs: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus*
12-48 hrs: Salmonella, Escherichia coli
48-72 hrs: Shigella, Campylobacter
> 7 days: Giardiasis, Amoebiasis

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13
Q

Chlamydia Ix

A

women - vulvovaginal swab
men - urine sample

both sent for nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)

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14
Q

UTI in pregnancy

A

1st - Nitrofurantoin (Cefalexin if third trimester)
2nd - Amox/ Cefalex

Asymptomatic bacturia should be treated as UTI

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15
Q

Genital wart treatment

multiple, non-keratinised warts:

solitary, keratinised warts:

A

multiple, non-keratinised warts: topical podophyllum

solitary, keratinised warts: cryotherapy

If recurrent - Top Imiquimod

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16
Q

Salmonella (Typhoid) Mx

A

Ciprofloxacin

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17
Q

Rifampicin side effects

A

potent liver enzyme inducer
hepatitis, orange secretions
flu-like symptoms

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18
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

peripheral neuropathy: prevent with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
hepatitis, agranulocytosis
liver enzyme inhibitor

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19
Q

Pyrazinamide side effects

A

hyperuricaemia causing gout
arthralgia, myalgia
hepatitis

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20
Q

Ethambutol side effects

A

optic neuritis: check visual acuity before and during treatment

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21
Q

Behcet’s syndrome (3)

A

Oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Uveitis

(associated with DVTs)

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22
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum (caused by chlamydia) Fx

A

painless genital pustule/ ulcer
painful inguinal lymphadenopathy
proctocolitis

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23
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum Mx

A

Doxycycline

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24
Q

Epstien Barr virus association with what malignancies (3)

A

nasopharyngeal
Hodgkins
Burkitt’s lymphoma

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25
Q

Bacterial vaginosis cause

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

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26
Q

Live attenuated vaccines (7)

A

BCG
MMR
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid
Influenza (intranasal)
oral rotavirus

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27
Q

Latent Tuberculosis Mx

A

Isoniazid 6 months
or Isoniazid + rifampicin 3 months

28
Q

Active Tuberculosis Mx

A

First 2 months - ALL 4 RIPE
Next 4 months - Isoniazid + Rifampicin

29
Q

Meningococcal Tuberculosis Mx

A

12 months of RIPE + steroids

30
Q

Leptospirosis Fx

A

associated with rat urine - vets, sewage worker, farmers OR with returning traveller from tropics

Fx - fever, flu like, subconjunctival haemorrhages

Weil’s disease (more severe) - AKI, Hepatitis, aseptic meningitis

31
Q

Leptospirosis Ix

A

Serology - Antibodies occur after 7 days
PCR
Blood culture

32
Q

Leptospirosis Mx

A

Benpen or doxy

33
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis Mx

A

1st - PO Metronidazole
2nd - Top Clindamycin

34
Q

Chlamydia Mx

A

1st - Doxycycline + IM Ceftriaxone + Metro
2nd - Ciprofloxacin/ Azithro/ Erythromycin/ Amox (eg pregnancy, breastfeeding)

35
Q

Acute epiglottitis cause

A

Haemophyillus Influenza type B

36
Q

Otitis externa cause

A

Pseudomona aeriginosa
2nd - staph aureus

37
Q

Atypical pneumonia Mx
(legionella, mycoplasma etc)

A

Clarithromycin

38
Q

Dental abscess Mx

A

1st Amoxicillin
2nd Metronidazole

39
Q

Mastitis Mx

A

Flucloxacillin

40
Q

HIV post exposure prophylaxis

A

Oral Antiretrovirals for 4 weeks (28 days) start asap

Preferably start within 24 hours, can be started up to 72 hours.
Continue for 28 days

41
Q

HIV Ix/ screening

A

HIV p24 antigen and HIV antibody test
- immediately and three months post exposure

42
Q

Campylobacter Mx

A

1st - no treatment, self resolves, fluids in majority
2nd (if severe) - Clarithromycin

43
Q

MRSA Mx

A

Nasal mupirocin + chlorhexidine for the skin

44
Q

Chancroid cause

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

45
Q

Syphilis Cause

A

cause - Treponema pallidum

46
Q

Syphilis Fx

A

painless ulcer

47
Q

Chancroid Fx

A

Painful ulcer - ragged undermined border
inguinal LN

48
Q

Genital herpes Fx

A

HSV type 2

Multiple painful ulcers

49
Q

Syphilis Mx

A

BenPen/ Doxy/ Erythromicin

50
Q

C. Diff Mx

A

1st - Vancomycin PO
2nd - Fidaxomicin PO

51
Q

Otitis externa Mx

A

Flucloxacillin
Erythromycin (pen allergy)

52
Q

Pneumococcal polysacchride vaccine (PPV) - required in what groups

A

asplenia

chronic respiratory disease: COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease. Asthma if using oral steroids

chronic heart disease: IHD, CHF, congenital heart disease.

chronic kidney disease

chronic liver disease

diabetes mellitus if requiring medication

immunosuppression (either due to disease or treatment). This includes patients with any stage of HIV infection

cochlear implants

patients with cerebrospinal fluid leaks

adults over 65 years old

53
Q

Diptheria Fx

A

grey coating surrounding the tonsils, fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy

54
Q

Facial cellulitis Mx

A

1st - Co Amox
2nd - Clari (pen allergy)

55
Q

Cellulitis M

A

1st - Fluclox
2nd - Clarithro (if pen allergy)
3rd - Erythromycin (if pregnant)

56
Q

Vaccinations for asthmatics

A

salbutamol only (BTS stage 1): nothing needed
has a steroid inhaler (BTS stages 2-4): annual influenza
severe asthma requiring regular/long-term prednisolone (BTS stage 5): annual influenza + pneumococcal

57
Q

Tetanus wound exposure Mx

A

Full course of tetanus vaccination with last dose < 10 years ago
- no vaccine or Ig required

Full course of tetanus vaccination with last dose > 10 years ago
- low risk (but not clean) wound - vaccine booster
- high risk wound - vaccine booster + Ig

Unclear vaccination Hx
- Vaccine + Ig

58
Q

Prostatitis Mx

A

Ciprofloxacin

59
Q

Influenza vaccine criteria

A

chronic respiratory disease (including asthmatics who use inhaled steroids)

chronic heart disease (heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, including hypertension if associated with cardiac complications)

chronic kidney disease

chronic liver disease: cirrhosis, biliary atresia, chronic hepatitis

chronic neurological disease: (e.g. Stroke/TIAs)

diabetes mellitus (including diet controlled)

immunosuppression due to disease or treatment (e.g. HIV)

asplenia or splenic dysfunction

pregnant women

adults with a body mass index >= 40 kg/m²

residents in care homes

carers of elderly or disabled

> 65 years old

60
Q

Chlamydia partner notification

A

symptomatic men: all partners from the 4 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms

women + asymptomatic men: all partners from the last 6 months or the most recent sexual partner

61
Q

Malaria prophylaxis
Atovaquone + proguanil (Malarone)

A

SE - GI upset
Take up to 7 days after return (all others are 4 weeks)

62
Q

Malaria prophylaxis
Chloroquine
Mefloquine (Lariam)

A

SE
Headache (Chloroquine)
Dizziness (Mefloquine)

Contraindicated in epilepsy
Taken weekly

63
Q

Malaria prophylaxis
Doxycycline

A

SE
Photosensitivity
Oesophagitis

64
Q

Giardiasis Mx

A

Metronidazole

65
Q

Recurrent Genital herpes mx

A

PO Aciclovir 800mg TDS for 2 days

66
Q
A

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