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infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

Travellers diarrhoea Cause

A

E. Coli

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2
Q

Meningococcal prophylaxis for close contacts

A

PO Ciprofloxacin/ Rifampicin

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3
Q

Bacterial Meningitis Mx

A

IV Cefotaxime (+Amoxicillin <3yo or >50yo)

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4
Q

Meningococcal meningitis Mx

A

IV Benpen/ Cefotaxime/ Ceftriaxone

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5
Q

Meningitis caused by Pneumococcal or Haemophilus Mx

A

IV Cefotaxime/ Ceftriaxone

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6
Q

Meningitis caused by Listeria Mx

A

IV Amox + Gent

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7
Q

Causes of bloody diarrhoea

A

Shigella - vomiting, abdo pain
Campylobacter - flu-like prodrome, fever, abdo pain
Amoebiasis - gradual onset, weeks maybe

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8
Q

Gonorrhea (Gram neg diplococcus) Mx

A

1st - IM Ceftriaxone + GUM clinic
2nd - PO Cefixime + PO Azithromycin

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9
Q

Lyme disease Ix

A

1st - Erythema Migrans - clinical diagnosis
2nd - ELISA for Borrelia Burgdorferi (repeat after 4-6 weeks if initial test negative, but is suspected)
3rd - immunoblot test

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10
Q

Lyme disease Mx

A

Doxycycline
Or Amox (eg pregnancy)

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11
Q

Animal or Human bite Mx

A

Co-Amoxiclav
If pen allergy - Metro + Doxy

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12
Q

Diarrhoea incubation periods
1-6 hrs
12-48 hrs
48-72 hrs
> 7 days

A

1-6 hrs: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus*
12-48 hrs: Salmonella, Escherichia coli
48-72 hrs: Shigella, Campylobacter
> 7 days: Giardiasis, Amoebiasis

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13
Q

Chlamydia Ix

A

women - vulvovaginal swab
men - urine sample

both sent for nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)

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14
Q

UTI in pregnancy

A

1st - Nitrofurantoin (Cefalexin if third trimester)
2nd - Amox/ Cefalex

Asymptomatic bacturia should be treated as UTI

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15
Q

Genital wart treatment

multiple, non-keratinised warts:

solitary, keratinised warts:

A

multiple, non-keratinised warts: topical podophyllum

solitary, keratinised warts: cryotherapy

If recurrent - Top Imiquimod

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16
Q

Salmonella (Typhoid) Mx

A

Ciprofloxacin

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17
Q

Rifampicin side effects

A

potent liver enzyme inducer
hepatitis, orange secretions
flu-like symptoms

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18
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

peripheral neuropathy: prevent with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
hepatitis, agranulocytosis
liver enzyme inhibitor

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19
Q

Pyrazinamide side effects

A

hyperuricaemia causing gout
arthralgia, myalgia
hepatitis

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20
Q

Ethambutol side effects

A

optic neuritis: check visual acuity before and during treatment

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21
Q

Behcet’s syndrome (3)

A

Oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Uveitis

(associated with DVTs)

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22
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum (caused by chlamydia) Fx

A

painless genital pustule/ ulcer
painful inguinal lymphadenopathy
proctocolitis

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23
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum Mx

A

Doxycycline

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24
Q

Epstien Barr virus association with what malignancies (3)

A

nasopharyngeal
Hodgkins
Burkitt’s lymphoma

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25
Bacterial vaginosis cause
Gardnerella vaginalis
26
Live attenuated vaccines (7)
BCG MMR oral polio yellow fever oral typhoid Influenza (intranasal) oral rotavirus
27
Latent Tuberculosis Mx
Isoniazid 6 months or Isoniazid + rifampicin 3 months
28
Active Tuberculosis Mx
First 2 months - ALL 4 RIPE Next 4 months - Isoniazid + Rifampicin
29
Meningococcal Tuberculosis Mx
12 months of RIPE + steroids
30
Leptospirosis Fx
associated with rat urine - vets, sewage worker, farmers OR with returning traveller from tropics Fx - fever, flu like, subconjunctival haemorrhages Weil's disease (more severe) - AKI, Hepatitis, aseptic meningitis
31
Leptospirosis Ix
Serology - Antibodies occur after 7 days PCR Blood culture
32
Leptospirosis Mx
Benpen or doxy
33
Bacterial Vaginosis Mx
1st - PO Metronidazole 2nd - Top Clindamycin
34
Chlamydia Mx
1st - Doxycycline + IM Ceftriaxone + Metro 2nd - Ciprofloxacin/ Azithro/ Erythromycin/ Amox (eg pregnancy, breastfeeding)
35
Acute epiglottitis cause
Haemophyillus Influenza type B
36
Otitis externa cause
Pseudomona aeriginosa 2nd - staph aureus
37
Atypical pneumonia Mx (legionella, mycoplasma etc)
Clarithromycin
38
Dental abscess Mx
1st Amoxicillin 2nd Metronidazole
39
Mastitis Mx
Flucloxacillin
40
HIV post exposure prophylaxis
Oral Antiretrovirals for 4 weeks (28 days) start asap Preferably start within 24 hours, can be started up to 72 hours. Continue for 28 days
41
HIV Ix/ screening
HIV p24 antigen and HIV antibody test - immediately and three months post exposure
42
Campylobacter Mx
1st - no treatment, self resolves, fluids in majority 2nd (if severe) - Clarithromycin
43
MRSA Mx
Nasal mupirocin + chlorhexidine for the skin
44
Chancroid cause
Haemophilus ducreyi
45
Syphilis Cause
cause - Treponema pallidum
46
Syphilis Fx
painless ulcer
47
Chancroid Fx
Painful ulcer - ragged undermined border inguinal LN
48
Genital herpes Fx
HSV type 2 Multiple painful ulcers
49
Syphilis Mx
BenPen/ Doxy/ Erythromicin
50
C. Diff Mx
1st - Vancomycin PO 2nd - Fidaxomicin PO
51
Otitis externa Mx
Flucloxacillin Erythromycin (pen allergy)
52
Pneumococcal polysacchride vaccine (PPV) - required in what groups
asplenia chronic respiratory disease: COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease. Asthma if using oral steroids chronic heart disease: IHD, CHF, congenital heart disease. chronic kidney disease chronic liver disease diabetes mellitus if requiring medication immunosuppression (either due to disease or treatment). This includes patients with any stage of HIV infection cochlear implants patients with cerebrospinal fluid leaks adults over 65 years old
53
Diptheria Fx
grey coating surrounding the tonsils, fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy
54
Facial cellulitis Mx
1st - Co Amox 2nd - Clari (pen allergy)
55
Cellulitis M
1st - Fluclox 2nd - Clarithro (if pen allergy) 3rd - Erythromycin (if pregnant)
56
Vaccinations for asthmatics
salbutamol only (BTS stage 1): nothing needed has a steroid inhaler (BTS stages 2-4): annual influenza severe asthma requiring regular/long-term prednisolone (BTS stage 5): annual influenza + pneumococcal
57
Tetanus wound exposure Mx
Full course of tetanus vaccination with last dose < 10 years ago - no vaccine or Ig required Full course of tetanus vaccination with last dose > 10 years ago - low risk (but not clean) wound - vaccine booster - high risk wound - vaccine booster + Ig Unclear vaccination Hx - Vaccine + Ig
58
Prostatitis Mx
Ciprofloxacin
59
Influenza vaccine criteria
chronic respiratory disease (including asthmatics who use inhaled steroids) chronic heart disease (heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, including hypertension if associated with cardiac complications) chronic kidney disease chronic liver disease: cirrhosis, biliary atresia, chronic hepatitis chronic neurological disease: (e.g. Stroke/TIAs) diabetes mellitus (including diet controlled) immunosuppression due to disease or treatment (e.g. HIV) asplenia or splenic dysfunction pregnant women adults with a body mass index >= 40 kg/m² residents in care homes carers of elderly or disabled >65 years old
60
Chlamydia partner notification
symptomatic men: all partners from the 4 weeks prior to the onset of symptoms women + asymptomatic men: all partners from the last 6 months or the most recent sexual partner
61
Malaria prophylaxis Atovaquone + proguanil (Malarone)
SE - GI upset Take up to 7 days after return (all others are 4 weeks)
62
Malaria prophylaxis Chloroquine Mefloquine (Lariam)
SE Headache (Chloroquine) Dizziness (Mefloquine) Contraindicated in epilepsy Taken weekly
63
Malaria prophylaxis Doxycycline
SE Photosensitivity Oesophagitis
64
Giardiasis Mx
Metronidazole
65
Recurrent Genital herpes mx
PO Aciclovir 800mg TDS for 2 days
66

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