Immuno/ Nephro/ Metabolic Flashcards
Sodium (Na) what level needs admission to hospital
Na of 125 or lower
eGFR criteria/ variables
Creatinine
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
When to routine refer to nephrology regarding eGFr monitoring
eGFR <30
eGFR fall of >15 in one year
eGFR fall of >25% in one year
Urine ACR >70
Urine ACR >30 + persistent haematuria (without uti)
Uncontrolled HTN despite 4 anti hypertensives
Suspected renal artery stenosis
CKD Mx
ACEi (or ARB) - if ACR >30
SGLT-2i (gliflozins)
contact dermatitis Ix
Skin patch test
Skin prick test - when to use?
food allergies, pollen allergy
Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) - when to use?
food allergies, pollen allergy, wasp/ bee venom
Diabetes insipidus Fx
Polyuria, polydipsia
HypoKal
HyperNat
No Diabetes Mellitus (normal glucose)
Oral allergy syndrome
Tingling and pruritis of the lips and tongue
Raw, plant based food
Birch pollen - most common
Most associated with Pollen, Hayfever
Blood pressure aim for CKD
130/80
Hyperphosphataemia in CKD Mx
Sevelamer
CVD primary prevention for T1DM
Do NOT use QRISK
Treat with Atorvastatin 20mg ON if any of the following:
>40yo
T1DM >10 years
established nephropathy
other CVD risk factors
Conditions that cause hypercholesterolaemia rather than hypertriglyceridaemia
Nephrotic syndrome
cholestasis
hypothyroidism
Minimal Change disease Fx
Nephrotic syndrome
Normotension
Mostly children (but can be adults)
Mainly idiopathic
Other Cx include NSAID, Rifampicin, Hodgkins lymphoma, Infectious mononucleosis
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease) Fx
Classically - macroscopic haematuria in young people 1-2 days after an URTI
proteinuria is rare
Associated conditions
alcoholic cirrhosis
coeliac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
