INFECTIOUS DISEASE 1 Flashcards
Which 2 clinical parameters may indicate septic shock rather than sepsis alone, and what treatment does it require:
Patients with ‘red flag’ symptoms in sepsis are at high risk of severe illness and mortality. What are these red flags?
What does a SOFA score of 2 reflect?
(Sequential Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment score)
qSOFA score criteria?
Hyposplenism due to e.g. splenectomy increases the risk of sepsis, especially from encapsulated organisms. Vaccination and abx prophylaxis are crucial for prevention. Give the recommended vaccinations and abx prophylaxis:
When does neutropenic sepsis most commonly occur, and how is it diagnosed, + most common organisms:
Treatment of neutropenic sepsis:
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium protozoan parasites; which is the most common type, and how is it spread?
5 types of malaria:
How is malaria spread / reproduced / life cycle:
Describe difference in fever spikes between the types of malaria:
Many of the symptoms of malaria are non-specific, including extremely high fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, n&v. What signs may you see on examination, and what is the normal incubation period (if not dormant):
Diagnosis of malaria:
What is required to exclude a diagnosis of malaria and why?
Management of uncomplicated falciparum malaria:
Management of severe falciparum malaria:
Complications of P.falciparum malaria:
Features of severe malaria:
Most common cause of non-falciparum malaria:
Where are vivax, ovale and knowlesi most commonly found?
Which two types have a hyponozoite / latent phase (malaria):
Patients diagnosed with ovale or vivax malaria should be given what following acute treatment, and why?
Discuss malaria treatment in pregnancy:
Antimalarial medications are not 100% effective and come with side effects. Give the options and state some of the side effects
?Quinine toxicity cinchonism
What kind of cells does the HIV RNA retrovirus destroy?
Infections / disorders that may be associated with a CD4 count of 200-500:
Infections / disorders that may be associated with a CD4 count of 100-200:
Infections / disorders that may be associated with a CD4 count of 50-100:
Infections / disorders that may be associated with a CD4 count of <50:
Discuss the differences between focal neurological lesions caused by HIV:
Management of toxoplasmosis vs primary CNS lymphoma:
What is the most common fungal infection of the CNS, and give some clinical features, including CSF features and CT results.
Features of PML vs AIDS dementia complex:
Factors reducing vertical transmission of HIV in pregnancy:
Delivery type advice for woman with HIV + breast-feeding:
Discuss neonatal antiretroviral therapy:
When is IV zidovudine given in the context of labour / delivery?
What is the window of time that PEP can be given in, and give the options for PEP and PrEP:
Who gets prophylactic co-trimoxazole and why?
Normal CD4 count:
Management of HIV:
Treatment aims, and why is combination of 2 different types of drugs recommended in HIV?
HIV and HPV:
Toxic shock syndrome describes a severe systemic reaction to staphylococcal exotoxins. What specific toxin is this, and what are the clinical features?
Management is remove source, IV fluids and IV antibiotics.
What investigation should be done in all patients with confirmed S.aureus bacteraemia?
Collection and monitoring of blood cultures in S.aureus bacteraemia:
MRSA accounts for <4% of SAB infections in Scotland. What is the first line abx of choice in MSSA and MRSA respectively:
OPAT referral points for SAB:
Who should be screened for MRSA, and how are they screened for MRSA?
Suppression of MRSA in a) nasal and b) skin
