Infectious and communicable diseases

Question 1

Infectious disease

Answer 1

Infectious disease is caused by a microorganism that can transfer to new individuals. An infectious disease is a disease caused by a microorganism and therefore potentially infinitely transferable to new individuals. It may or may not be communicable.

Question 2

Communicable disease

Answer 2

Communicable disease is readily transmitted from one individual to another. An example of a non-communicable disease is disease caused by toxins from food poisoning or infection caused by toxins in the environment, such as tetanus.

A communicable disease on the other hand is an infectious disease that is contagious and which can be transmitted from one source to another by infectious bacteria or viral organisms.

Question 3

H1N1(swine flu)

Answer 3

mixture of pig, bird, and human viruses

Question 4

E.coli

Answer 4

bacteria in intestinal tract of humans and animals

Question 5

Lyme disease

Answer 5

caused by tick-borne spirochete

Question 6

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Answer 6

caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV. Has a spike, envelope and nucleocaspid. Has a defined receptor binding domain. Binds to ACE 2. Causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

Question 7

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

Answer 7

caused by a coronavirus MERS-CoV
Most recent emerging infection; has a 30% death rate
First seen in Saudi Arabia
Can transfer from person to person; may have come from camels or bats

Question 8

Plague

Answer 8

bacteria that spreads through respiratory secretions

Question 9

Botulism

Answer 9

bacteria that causes muscle paralysis

Question 10

Anthrax

Answer 10

acute bacterial infection that can occur in three forms
Cutaneous, intestinal, or inhalation
Bacillium anthracis

Question 11

Smallpox (variola)

Answer 11

variola pox virus spreads through respiratory secretion

Question 12

Tularemia (rabbit or deer-fly fever)

Answer 12

bacteria that causes pneumonia-like infection

Question 13

Viral hemorrhagic fevers

Answer 13

highly infectious viruses that damage multiple organ systems

Question 14

West Nile Virus

Answer 14

transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected mosquito

Question 15

Malaria

Answer 15

protozoa from an infected mosquito; parasites travel to liver; change to merozites that enter and destroy red blood cells

Question 16

2 examples of viral infections?

Answer 16

Common cold of coryza: virus of upper respiratory tract

Influenza: acute viral infection of the respiratory system

Question 17

2 examples of multidrug-resistant organisms

Answer 17

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)

Question 18

2 types of immunosuppressant diseases?

Answer 18

Chronic fatigue syndrome: persistent, debilitating fatigue; difficult to treat; also called benign myalgic encephalomyelitis

HIV infection/AIDS: viral infection that destroys the T4 lymphocytes; no cure, but antiviral medications suppress the virus

Question 19

2 examples of Infectious and communicable diseases of childhood and adolescence

Answer 19

Infectious diarrheal disease: generally transmitted through fecal-oral route; 20 million cases a year

Rubeola (measles): highly communicable respiratory infection; prevented by vaccine

Question 20

Rubella

Answer 20

Rubella (3-day measles): caused by rubella virus characterized by fever and rash; dangerous to pregnant women

Question 21

Mumps

Answer 21

characterized by fever and inflammation of the parotid salivary glands caused by mumps paramyxovirus; prevented by vaccine

Question 22

Varicella

Answer 22

varicella-zoster virus causes rash that goes from macule to papule to vesicles, then crusts; prevented by vaccine; reappears as shingles in later life

Question 23

Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)

Answer 23

caused by human parvovirus B19; transmitted by respiratory secretions characterized by facial rash

Question 24

Pertussis

Answer 24

(whooping cough): bacteria causes highly infectious respiratory disease with a repetitious, paroxysmal cough and prolonged harsh or shrill sound during inhalation; prevented by vaccine

Question 25

Diphtheria

Answer 25

creates a membrane-like coating over mucous membrane surfaces; can block airways; prevented by vaccine

Question 26

Tetanus

Answer 26

life-threatening disease causing skeletal muscle contractions; comes from the environment; prevented by vaccine

Question 27

Vaccine

Answer 27

suspension of infectious agents, components of the agents, or genetically engineered antigens given for purpose of establishing resistance to an infectious disease

Question 28

Two general classes of vaccines

Answer 28

Live attenuated agent

Inactivated agents obtained through genetic mutation