Diseases Linda

Question 1

Pulmonary oedema

Answer 1

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular tissue.

Question 2

Pericardial effusion

Answer 2

accumulation of fluid in the space surrounding the heart.

Question 3

Aortic rupture:

Answer 3

closed chest trauma with mediastinal widening.

Question 4

Thrombosis

Answer 4

develop in the veins where blood flow is slow or static

Question 5

Mitral stenosis:

Answer 5

diffuse thickening of the mitral valve by fibrous tissue or calcified deposits.

Question 6

Varicose veins:

Answer 6

dilated elongated tortuous vessel.

Question 7

. Aortic dissection

Answer 7

disruption of the inner layer of the blood vessel allowing blood to enter the wall of the aorta.

Question 8

. Plaque

Answer 8

fatty material of the inner arterial wall

Question 9

. Atrial septal defect

Answer 9

: free communication between the atria caused by incomplete closure of the foramen ovale.

Question 10

.Hypertensive heart disease

Answer 10

generalised tortuosity and elongation of the ascending aorta

Question 11

Varicose veins

Answer 11

dilated elongated tortuous vessel.

Question 12

Aortic dissection

Answer 12

disruption of the inner layer of the blood vessel allowing blood to enter the wall of the aorta.

Question 13

Plaque

Answer 13

fatty material of the inner arterial wall

Question 14

Atrial septal defect

Answer 14

free communication between the atria caused by incomplete closure of the foramen ovale

Question 15

Hypertensive heart disease

Answer 15

generalised tortuosity and elongation of the ascending aorta

Question 16

Congestive heart failure

Answer 16

inability for the heart to supply the body with an adequate blood supply

Question 17

Hypertension

Answer 17

leading cause of strokes and heart disease

Question 18

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 18

most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Question 19

Coronary artery disease

Answer 19

narrowing of arteries causing deprivation of oxygen to the myocardium.

Question 20

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer 20

narrowing or constriction of the aorta

Question 21

Aortic stenosis

Answer 21

obstruction of the left ventricular outflow increases the workload of the left ventricle

Question 22

Embolism

Answer 22

part of the clot that becomes detached from the vessel wall.

Question 23

Aneurysm (definition)

Answer 23

An excessive localized swelling of the wall of an artery.

saccular and fusiform are types

Question 24

Atherosclerosis

Answer 24

symptom of hardened arteries that have a loss of elasticity.

Definition: a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of fatty material on their inner walls.

Question 25

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 25

vessel connecting the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta.

Question 26

Name the four associated radiographic appearances related to left sided heart failure.

Answer 26

1. cardiac enlargement
2. redistribution of pulmonary venous flow
3. interstitial and alveolar oedema
4. pleural effusion

Question 27

The MRT can influence the size of the heart on an image by changing

Answer 27

1. not using 180 cm
   2 PA versus AP
   3 supine or erect

Question 28

Blood pressure is dependant upon two factors.

Answer 28

1. cardiac output

2. total peripheral resistance

Question 29

Name two types of aneurysms

Answer 29

1. saccular (spherical in shape and involve only a portion of the vessel wall)
   
   2. fusiform (bulges out on all sides (circumferentially)

Question 30

In cases of closed chest trauma, what are the other signs besides mediastinal widening that are important for a definite diagnosis of rupture of the aorta

Answer 30

1. widening of the right paratracheal stripe.
   (usually a normal finding on the frontal chest x-ray and represents the right tracheal wall, adjacent pleural surfaces and any mediastinal fat between them).
2. apical pleural cap sign
   (refers to a curved density at lung apex seen on chest radiograph)
3. displacement of nasal gastric tube to the right.