Infectious agents

Question 1

what does attributable fraction mean

Answer 1

how many cancers of a certain type can be said to be caused by a particular agent

Question 2

what does liver fluke cause

Answer 2

bile duct cancer

Question 3

where is there a higher incidence of liver fluke

Answer 3

SE Asia -> due to rice padi farms

Question 4

how does liver fluke cause cancer

Answer 4

people eat infected fish, parasite lives in person, inflammation occurs, DNA damage

Question 5

what % of world cases of non-cardia gastric carcinoma are due to H.Pylori

Answer 5

89%

Question 6

how does H. pylori cause cancer

Answer 6

1. lives in stomach
2. burrows into wall, breaking down mucus lining
3. immune response
4. increased proliferation and mutation

Question 7

What cancers are caused by HPV

Answer 7

cervical and head and neck

Question 8

What cancers are caused by Hep B

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

What cancers are caused by Epstein-Barr Virus

Answer 9

pharynx and Hodgkins diease

Question 10

Which HPVs cause cancer

Answer 10

16,18, 31

Question 11

What are HPV’s oncoproteins called

Answer 11

E6 and E7

Question 12

What are HPVs cell cycle proteins called

Answer 12

E1,2,4,5

Question 13

how does HPV cause cancer - via E6

Answer 13

E6 binds to p53, in conjunction w E6AP, complex targets p53 for degradation, no APOPTOSIS

Question 14

how does HPV cause cancer - via E7

Answer 14

E7 binds to Rb, binds to Rb-E2F complex so free E2F released, transcription triggered, more cell cycle

Question 15

what cancer does HIV cause

Answer 15

karposi’s sarcoma -> skin cancer

Question 16

what cancer does HTLV-II retrovirus cause

Answer 16

T-cell leukemia (only in 3% of people)