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causes and consequences > clinical signs and symptoms > Flashcards

clinical signs and symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

what is dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing -> seen in oesophageal cancer

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2
Q

what is haematemesis

A

vomiting blood -> seen in stomach cancer

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3
Q

what is haemoptysis

A

coughing blood -> seen in lung cancer

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4
Q

what is melaena

A

blood in stool -> seen in stomach and upper GI tract cancer

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5
Q

what is haematuria

A

blood in urine -> seen in kidney or urinary cancer

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6
Q

what is jaundice

A

yellowish discolouration of skin -> seen in liver/ pancreatic cancer

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7
Q

what is ascites

A

collection of fluid in abdominal cavity -> seen in liver or ovarian cancer or any cancer with metastases

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8
Q

what is menorrhagia

A

heavy periods -> seen in uterine cancer

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9
Q

what is hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one half of the body -> seen in brain cancer

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10
Q

what is hemianopia

A

blindness in half the eye -> seen in pituitary cancer

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11
Q

what are the clinical signs and symptoms for lung cancer

A
  1. deranged function
  2. difficulty breathing (dyspnoea)
  3. unresolved cough
  4. coughing of blood
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12
Q

symptoms of cancer cachexia

A
  1. severe weight loss
  2. loss of appetite
  3. nausea
  4. weakness and fatigue
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13
Q

what does the SOCRATES acronym for taking patient history stand for

A

Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Association
Time course
Exacerbating/ relieving factors
Severity

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14
Q

what can undescended testes in the past history indicate

A

testicular cancer

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15
Q

what can early menarche/late menopause in the past history indicate

A

breast/uterine cancers

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16
Q

what can nulliparity in the past history indicate

A

some ovarian/ uterine cancers

17
Q

what can obesity in the past history indicate

A

various cancers

18
Q

what can infections such as H. pylori in the past history indicate

A

stomach cancer

19
Q

what can infections such as Schistosomiasis in the past history indicate

A

bladder cancers

20
Q

what cancers are related to alcohol

A

liver, breast, bowel

21
Q

what cancers are related to HRT

A

endometrial and breast

22
Q

what cancers are related to di-ethyl stilbestrol

A

breast

23
Q

what cancers are related to radiation

A

second cancers (e.g. leukemias)

24
Q

what cancers are related to the dye industry

A

urinary and bladder

25
Q

what cancers are related to mining and ship building (asbestos exposure)

A

mesothelioma (cancer of lining of lung) and lung

26
Q

what cancers are related to wood dust exposure

A

nasopharyngeal

27
Q

what cancers are related to plastic manufacturing

A

liver

28
Q

characteristics of a malignant breast lump

A
  1. irregular outline
  2. hard
  3. fixed to chest wall
  4. swelling
29
Q

characteristics of a benign breast lump

A
  1. smooth outline
  2. soft
  3. mobile
  4. not likely to be swollen

causes and consequences (15 decks)

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