Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Infection And Immunity > Infections On Surfaces And Travel Related Infections > Flashcards

Infections On Surfaces And Travel Related Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Which viruses are most likely to infect the skin?

A

Papilloma

Herpes simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which bacteria are most likely to infect the skin?

A

Gram positive - staph aureus and coagulase negative staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of prosthetic surfaces which can get infected

A 
Intravascular lines
Peritoneal dialysis catheters
Prosthetic joints
Cardiac valves
Pacing wires 
Endovascular grafts 
Shunts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of pathogens likely to cause endocarditis if >1 year post-op

A

Strep viridans
Enterococcus faecalis
Staph aureus
Candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give examples of pathogens likely to cause endocarditis if <1 year post-op

A

Coagulase negative staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give the bacteria most likely to cause prosthetic joint infections

A

Coagulase neg staph

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which organisms are most likely to infect pacemaker wires?

A

Coagulase neg staph

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give some features of biofilms

A

Increases life cycle
Decreases turn over
Antibiotics won’t work on them - Abx only target actively replicating bacteria
Quorum sensing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe quorum sensing in biofilms

A

The communication between bacteria in a biofilm
Recognises if there are a lot of bacteria present
Controls: sporulation, biofilm formation and virulence factor secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a natural antibacterial that we could cover prosthetic joints/lines in?

A

Silver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is antibiotic resistance more prevalent in some countries?

A

In some places you can buy Abx over the counter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What might we think of if someone had been to North Africa?

A

malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What types of infection would we be thinking of if someone had been to the middle east?

A

Respiratory pathogens and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What types of infections might we think of if someone had been to north Australia?

A

Malaria

Bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What infection might we think of if someone had been to North America?

A

West Nile virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What categories do we usually divide the incubation periods into?

A

< 10 days
10-21 days
> 21 days
(Since the symptoms began)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of infection is ebola?

A

Viral haemorrhagic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define meningism

A

Triad of nuchal (neck) rigidity, photophobia and headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What might we find on examination of someone with malaria?

A 
Fever
Low BP
Tachycardia 
Bite marks
Low O2 states
Unwell/confused 
Possible hepatosplenomegaly  
Possible jaundice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What investigations would we do in malaria?

A

Hb - low (anaemia)

Platelets - low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If their travel Hx and symptoms suggest malaria, how can we rule it out?

A

3 negative blood films rule it out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 main species of plasmodium?

A

Falciparum
Vivax
Ovale
Malariae

23
Q

Which type of malaria is most common in the UK?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

24
Q

Can malaria spread from person to person?

25
What is the incubation period of malaria?
Minimum 6 days
26
What is the classic triad of symptoms in malaria?
Fever Chills Sweats (In a cycle)
27
Why is it hard to target a vaccine at malaria?
It has many different stages to its life cycle
28
What is the treatment for plasmodium falciparum?
Quinine and doxycycline OR Artesinate
29
What is the treatment for P. Vivax, ovale and malariae?
Chloroquine and primaquine
30
What other possible diagnoses should occur to you when you suspect malaria?
Typhoid Dengue Rickettsial infection Non-travel related infection eg. Meningococcal sepsis
31
Name the 2 types of enteric fever
Typhoid | Paratyphoid
32
Describe the classical symptoms of enteric fever
Constipation Abdominal cramps Dry cough Headache
33
In which disease state may a faint rose spot appear on the abdomen?
Enteric fever | Typhoid/paratyphoid
34
Which bacteria causes enteric fever?
Salmonella typhi
35
How is enteric fever spread?
Faecal oral route
36
What type of bacteria is salmonella typhi?
Enterobacteriaceae Aerobic Gram negative Rod shaped
37
What is the incubation period for enteric fever?
7 - 14 days
38
With enteric fever, what happens to the heart rate?
Bradycardia
39
Which type of enteric fever is generally milder?
Paratyphoid
40
What is the treatment for enteric fever?
Ceftriaxone or azithromycin | 7-14 days
41
Is there a vaccine for enteric fever?
There is a typhoid vaccine | 50-75% effective
42
Describe a non-typhoidal salmonella infection
'Food poisoning' Widespread throughout out Usually caused by salmonella typhimunum or salmonella enteritidis Diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain Generally self-limiting
43
Give some symptoms/signs of Dengue fever
Rash - broad, flat, macular Fever Severe myalgia Headache
44
What infections do we need to think about if someone presents with a fever and a rash?
``` Dengue Childhood: Measles, rubella, parvovirus Infectious mononucleosis (glandular) Acute HIV infections Rickettsia (ticks) ```
45
Give 2 tests that need to be done to confirm dengue fever
PCR | Serology IgM
46
How is dengue fever spread?
Mosquitoes
47
How do we treat dengue fever?
Supportive treatment only | Usually self limiting (improvement seen 3-4 days after getting the rash)
48
Reinfection with a different serotype of dengue fever is worse that the original infection, why?
Can lead to: Haemorrhagic fever Shock syndrome
49
What is myiasis?
Fly larvae Biting flies lay eggs on you or your clothes Larvae bury into skin and then pop out if they survive
50
What does MERS-CoV stand for and what animal is it associated with?
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome | Camels
51
Describe the ebola virus
Filovirus Flu like illness with vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, confusion and a rash Internal/external bleeding at 5-7 days Spread by direct contact with bodily fluids
52
Describe the Zika virus
Arbovirus - mosquito Sexually transmitted No treatment and no vaccine available 20% of people get mild (dengue-like) symptoms Can cause foetal loss and congenital abnormalities in pregnant women
53
Why shouldn't we give primaquine to people with G6PD deficiency?
These people produce less NADPH therefore cannot reduce glutathione as readily Primaquine causes oxidative damage to RBCs that their body cannot fix Heinz bodies form -> haemolytic anaemia

Infection And Immunity (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions