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Infection And Immunity > Chronic Diseases And Infections > Flashcards

Chronic Diseases And Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 examples of congenital chronic diseases

A

Cystic fibrosis

Down’s syndrome

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2
Q

What is the most common mutation in cystic fibrosis?

A

Delta F508

Deletion of a phenylalanine

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3
Q

How can malabsorption occur in CF?

A

Pancreatic function can be damaged
Don’t produce as many enzymes to help with digestion
Also thick mucus in intestine prevents as much absorption

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4
Q

What are the most common pathogens to colonise the lungs of young CF sufferers?

A

H influenzae

Staph aureus

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5
Q

What is the problem with Burkholderia cepacia infecting CF sufferers?

A

Very resistant to Abx
Can be fatal
Spreads very rapidly between sufferers

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6
Q

Which bacteria can cause acute exacerbations of COPD?

A 
Strep pneumoniae
H influenzae 
Moraxella catarrhalis 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
E coli
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7
Q

Give some viral causes for acute exacerbation of COPD

A 
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rhinovirus
Parainfluenza
Coronavirus
Adenovirus 
Influenza A
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8
Q

How does diabetes affect the immune system?

A

The hyperglycaemia and acidaemia impair:
Humoral immunity
Leukocyte and lymphocyte function

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9
Q

Why is diabetes a risk factor for tissue infection?

A

Microvascular disease causing reduced perfusion
Poor neutrophil and complement to site therefore increased risk of infection
Diminished skin sensation due to neuropathy leading to unnoticed skin damage

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10
Q

Describe malignant or necrotising otitis externa

A 
Compilation of diabetes 
Infection of pinna of ear 
By pseudomonas aeruginosa 
Starts in external canal and spreads to adjacent soft tissue, cartilage and bone 
Ear pain and otorrhoea 
Potentially fatal
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11
Q

Describe rhinocerebral mucormycosis

A 
Complication of diabetes 
Mould/fungi 
Colonise the nose and paranasal sinuses 
Spreads to adjacent tissues by invading blood vessels 
Soft tissue necrosis and bony erosion 
Can penetrate into the brain
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12
Q

How can a neurogenic bladder lead to UTIs?

A

Defects in bladder emptying
Residual urine in bladder
Bacteria can colonise it

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13
Q

Which bacteria usually cause UTIs due to neurogenic bladder?

A

Enterobacteriaceae (eg. Ecoli)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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14
Q

Name some neurological defects of the CNS that can cause neurogenic bladder

A 
Alzheimer's 
Birth defects of spinal cord 
Brain tumours 
Cerebral palsy 
Encephalitis 
MS
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15
Q

Name some neurological defects of the PNS that can cause neurogenic bladder

A

Neuropathy
Alcohol damage
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Syphilis

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16
Q

What type of infections do people with Down’s syndrome seem to be more prone to?

A

Respiratory tract infections

Infection And Immunity (9 decks)

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