Infections of the trachea and bronchi

Question 1

What is acute epiglottitis also known as?

Answer 1

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA
(CAPSULAR TYPE b)

Question 2

Is this a common or rare, or serious infection?

Answer 2

RARE BUT VERY SERIOUS INFECTION

Question 3

How is diagnosis?

Answer 3

MAY ISOLATE FROM BLOOD CULTURE
throat swap may be taken if air way is protected

Question 4

Exactly what medium is used in the blood culture and why?

Answer 4

Blood and chocolate in 5% CO2
Good growth on chocolate
Weak growth on blood

Question 5

How is Haemophilus influenzae identified in cluture?

Answer 5

Short Gram negative rod
Sub to nutrient agar
X(haemin) and V (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) dependant

Question 6

What is COAD?

Answer 6

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Question 7

In healthy what bacteria colonisies bronchial tree?

Answer 7

IN HEALTH the BRONCHIAL TREE IS STERILE

Question 8

What caused COAD?

Answer 8

BRONCHIAL TREE COLONISED BY BACTERIA

Question 9

What can caused COAD to be infectively exacerbated?

Answer 9

SMOKING, POLLUTION, VIRAL INFECTION

Question 10

Why is COAD exacerbated by these factors?

Answer 10

CAUSE DAMAGE TO:
NORMAL IMMUNOLOGIC BARRIER
BECOMES OVERRUN BY COLONISING BACTERIA

Question 11

What are the causative organisms of COAD?

Answer 11

HAEM. INFLUENZAE,
MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS
STREP. PNEUMONIAE

Question 12

What is the normal clinical process of an Acute bronchitis infection in the patient?

Answer 12

usually comes on quickly and gets better after several weeks

Question 13

Where is Moraxella catarrhalis collected for Indentification?

Answer 13

From Sputum

Question 14

What medium can be used for the culture?

Answer 14

Good growth on blood and chocolate in 5% CO2

Question 15

What are the phyiscal characterics of moraxella catarrhalis in culture?

Answer 15

Colonies lifted intact from media
Oxidase positive short Gram negative rods

Question 16

Other identifications x3?

Answer 16

No sugar fermentation
DNA’ase positive
No X or V factor requirement

Question 17

Which infection is called Whooping Cough?

Answer 17

BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS INFECTION

Question 18

What is the presentation in children?

Answer 18

TRACHEOBRONCHITIS OF CHILDREN

Question 19

Why is whooping cough now rare in the uk?

Answer 19

AFTER WIDESPREAD USE OF VACCINE

Question 20

What is the associated consequence of untreated infection?

Answer 20

CHRONIC CHEST DISEASE

Question 21

How is sample taken for diagnosis?

Answer 21

PERNASAL SWAB

Question 22

Which medium is used for the culture?

Answer 22

CHARCOAL-BLOOD AGAR IN CO2 ENRICHED ATMOSPHERE

Question 23

What shape and gram status are BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS?

Answer 23

THIN GRAM NEGATIVE RODS

Question 24

when is agglutination seen?

Answer 24

AGGLUTINATE WITH B. PERTUSSIS ANTISERUM