Infections Lecture 5: Common infections and their management Flashcards
What causes a impetigo in the skin?
- Break in the skin
2. Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
What are the symptoms of impetigo?
- Sores
- Red spots
- Itchy
- Develop into blisters
- Burst forming crusts
- Swollen Glands
What treatment options of impetigo for small areas of the skin?
- Topical Fusidic Acid
2. MRSA: Use topical mupirocin
What are the treatment option of impetigo for large areas of the skin?
- Oral Flucoxacillin for Stap Aureus infection
2. Add phenoxymethylpenicillin for Strep
Define what cellulitis is?
Rapidly spreading infection and inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
What are the symptoms of cellulitis?
- Red skin
- Hot
- Swelling
- Painful
What are the main causes of cellulitis?
- Break in the skin
2. Strepto or staphylcoccus damaged skin
What is the main treatment option of Cellulitis?
- High dose of Flucloxacillin
2. For Strep add phenooxymethyl/benzylpenicillin
What are the different kinds of conjunctivitis?
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Allergic
How do you cure conjunctivitis?
Generally self limiting (heals itself)
What are the common symptoms that occur from conjunctivitis?
- Pink/red eye
- Soreness
- Watering
- Gritty feeling or itchy (allergic)
- Unilateral then bilateral
What are the common symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?
- Thick and yellow discharge (mucopurlent)
- Red and pink eye
- Sandy, gritty feeling in eye
What are the treatment options available for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol 0.5 to 1% eye drops
What care/ lifestyle advice would you give to someone for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Ensure to wash with warm water and soap to bathe and lubricate eyes (prevents spreading)
What are the two different kinds of ear infection?
- Otitis Externa (outer ear)
2. Otitis Media (inner ear)
How does Otitis externa normally occur and what are the symptoms?
- When bacteria such as S. Aureus gets into the ear via swimming
- Symptoms:
- Pain
- Itchiness
- discharge
- Slight hearing loss
- Pressure
What are the treatment advice for Otitis externa?
- Self limiting (do not use cotton buds)
- Can use pain medication
- Corticosteroid (betamethasone)
- Anti-fungal (clotrimazole)
- Acid (acetic acid)
What patient group does Otitis Media normally occur on and what are the symptoms?
- Most commonly caused by viral or bacterial (Strep Pneu)
2. Most common cause of ear pain in children
What are the symptoms of Otitis Media?
- Ear ache
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Slight hearing loss
- Lack of energy
What are the treatment options of Otitis media?
- Self Limiting
- Can use pain relief for pain
- Amoxicillin if severe
What is phaynxgitis?
When the throat gets inflamed
What is tonsillitis?
When the tonsils get inflamed
What is the treatment option for bacterial infection of tonsillitis?
- Phenoxymethlylpenicillin
- Painkillers
- Gargling fluids
What is a cold and how is it caused?
- Upper respiratory tract infection
2. Caused by Rhinovirus, coronavirus and respiratory syncytial virus