Infections Lecture 5: Common infections and their management Flashcards
What causes a impetigo in the skin?
- Break in the skin
2. Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
What are the symptoms of impetigo?
- Sores
- Red spots
- Itchy
- Develop into blisters
- Burst forming crusts
- Swollen Glands
What treatment options of impetigo for small areas of the skin?
- Topical Fusidic Acid
2. MRSA: Use topical mupirocin
What are the treatment option of impetigo for large areas of the skin?
- Oral Flucoxacillin for Stap Aureus infection
2. Add phenoxymethylpenicillin for Strep
Define what cellulitis is?
Rapidly spreading infection and inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
What are the symptoms of cellulitis?
- Red skin
- Hot
- Swelling
- Painful
What are the main causes of cellulitis?
- Break in the skin
2. Strepto or staphylcoccus damaged skin
What is the main treatment option of Cellulitis?
- High dose of Flucloxacillin
2. For Strep add phenooxymethyl/benzylpenicillin
What are the different kinds of conjunctivitis?
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Allergic
How do you cure conjunctivitis?
Generally self limiting (heals itself)
What are the common symptoms that occur from conjunctivitis?
- Pink/red eye
- Soreness
- Watering
- Gritty feeling or itchy (allergic)
- Unilateral then bilateral
What are the common symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?
- Thick and yellow discharge (mucopurlent)
- Red and pink eye
- Sandy, gritty feeling in eye
What are the treatment options available for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol 0.5 to 1% eye drops
What care/ lifestyle advice would you give to someone for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Ensure to wash with warm water and soap to bathe and lubricate eyes (prevents spreading)
What are the two different kinds of ear infection?
- Otitis Externa (outer ear)
2. Otitis Media (inner ear)
How does Otitis externa normally occur and what are the symptoms?
- When bacteria such as S. Aureus gets into the ear via swimming
- Symptoms:
- Pain
- Itchiness
- discharge
- Slight hearing loss
- Pressure
What are the treatment advice for Otitis externa?
- Self limiting (do not use cotton buds)
- Can use pain medication
- Corticosteroid (betamethasone)
- Anti-fungal (clotrimazole)
- Acid (acetic acid)
What patient group does Otitis Media normally occur on and what are the symptoms?
- Most commonly caused by viral or bacterial (Strep Pneu)
2. Most common cause of ear pain in children
What are the symptoms of Otitis Media?
- Ear ache
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Slight hearing loss
- Lack of energy
What are the treatment options of Otitis media?
- Self Limiting
- Can use pain relief for pain
- Amoxicillin if severe
What is phaynxgitis?
When the throat gets inflamed
What is tonsillitis?
When the tonsils get inflamed
What is the treatment option for bacterial infection of tonsillitis?
- Phenoxymethlylpenicillin
- Painkillers
- Gargling fluids
What is a cold and how is it caused?
- Upper respiratory tract infection
2. Caused by Rhinovirus, coronavirus and respiratory syncytial virus
What are the symptoms of a cold?
- Sneezing
- Nasal congestion
- Sore throat
- Watery eyes
What are the treatment options available for a cure?
- Painkillers
- Nasal decongestants (pseudoephedrine)
- Care advice
What are the causes of influenza virus and what are the symptoms?
- Influenza virus A,B or C
- Symptoms:
- Fever
- Shivers
- Sweating
- Cough
- Tiredness
- Muscle Aches
- Diarrhoea
- Sore throat
- Runny and blocked nose
- Sneezing
- Lost of appetite
- Sleeping problems
What are the treatment options and prevention options of influenza?
- Usually self limiting
- GP can prescribe anti-viral drugs for risk group patients:
- Zanamivir
- Oseltamivir - Vaccination Flu gabs
What is pneumonia and how is it caused?
- Common respiratory infection
- Caused by many causative causes
- Bacteria such as Pneumococcal
What are the symptoms of pneumonia?
- Cough
- Breathing difficulty
- Fever
- Lost of appetite
- Feeling generally unwell
- Shivering
- Chest Pains
What are the treatment options of pneumonia?
- Depends whether its community or hospital acquired
- Oral anti-biotics such as amoxicillin
- IV antibiotics for more severe
What is candidiasis?
Fungal infection also known as Thrush that’s common and caused by C.albicans
What are the symptoms and treatment options for vaginal thrush?
- Curd like plaques, creamy, itchy, painful
- Clotrimazole (500mg) or topical treatments like Canesten
- Fluconazole oral
What are the species of fungi that cause tinea?
- Microsporum
2. Trichophyton (dermatophytes)
What are the common symptoms that are present in tinea?
- Redness
- Itchy patches that are normally not painful
- Nail discolouration and thickening of skin
- Hair loss and scarring
What is each site where tinea occur specifically called?
- Tinea captis (head and trunk)
- Tinea (trunk lesions
- Tinea pedis (ATHELETES FOOT)
What are the treatment options for tinea?
- Head and scalp: Systemic griseofulvin and topical
- Topical imidazoles: Clotrimazole
Optional terbinafine or griseofulvin
What are the common treatments of headlice?
- Dimeticone liquid or lotion
2. Wet combing
What is scabies and what is the common treatment?
- Common skin parasite
2. Permethrin
What are roundworms caused by and how?
- Ascaricides
2. Infections common where sanitation is poor and human faeces are used as fertiliser
What are the symptoms of roundworms?
- Asymptomatic at larval stages
- Can cause nutrition deficiency, enlargement of liver, spleen, pneumonia
- Visceral damage, peritonitis, and inflammation
What is the treatment option for round worms?
Mebendazole
