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PM2A: Molecules and medicines > Infections Lecture 5: Common infections and their management > Flashcards

Infections Lecture 5: Common infections and their management Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What causes a impetigo in the skin?

A
  1. Break in the skin

2. Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of impetigo?

A
  1. Sores
  2. Red spots
  3. Itchy
  4. Develop into blisters
  5. Burst forming crusts
  6. Swollen Glands
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3
Q

What treatment options of impetigo for small areas of the skin?

A
  1. Topical Fusidic Acid

2. MRSA: Use topical mupirocin

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4
Q

What are the treatment option of impetigo for large areas of the skin?

A
  1. Oral Flucoxacillin for Stap Aureus infection

2. Add phenoxymethylpenicillin for Strep

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5
Q

Define what cellulitis is?

A

Rapidly spreading infection and inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of cellulitis?

A
  1. Red skin
  2. Hot
  3. Swelling
  4. Painful
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7
Q

What are the main causes of cellulitis?

A
  1. Break in the skin

2. Strepto or staphylcoccus damaged skin

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8
Q

What is the main treatment option of Cellulitis?

A
  1. High dose of Flucloxacillin

2. For Strep add phenooxymethyl/benzylpenicillin

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9
Q

What are the different kinds of conjunctivitis?

A
  1. Bacterial
  2. Viral
  3. Allergic
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10
Q

How do you cure conjunctivitis?

A

Generally self limiting (heals itself)

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11
Q

What are the common symptoms that occur from conjunctivitis?

A
  1. Pink/red eye
  2. Soreness
  3. Watering
  4. Gritty feeling or itchy (allergic)
  5. Unilateral then bilateral
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12
Q

What are the common symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A
  1. Thick and yellow discharge (mucopurlent)
  2. Red and pink eye
  3. Sandy, gritty feeling in eye
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13
Q

What are the treatment options available for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenicol 0.5 to 1% eye drops

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14
Q

What care/ lifestyle advice would you give to someone for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Ensure to wash with warm water and soap to bathe and lubricate eyes (prevents spreading)

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15
Q

What are the two different kinds of ear infection?

A
  1. Otitis Externa (outer ear)

2. Otitis Media (inner ear)

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16
Q

How does Otitis externa normally occur and what are the symptoms?

A
  1. When bacteria such as S. Aureus gets into the ear via swimming
  2. Symptoms:
    - Pain
    - Itchiness
    - discharge
    - Slight hearing loss
    - Pressure
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17
Q

What are the treatment advice for Otitis externa?

A
  1. Self limiting (do not use cotton buds)
  2. Can use pain medication
  3. Corticosteroid (betamethasone)
  4. Anti-fungal (clotrimazole)
  5. Acid (acetic acid)
18
Q

What patient group does Otitis Media normally occur on and what are the symptoms?

A
  1. Most commonly caused by viral or bacterial (Strep Pneu)

2. Most common cause of ear pain in children

19
Q

What are the symptoms of Otitis Media?

A
  1. Ear ache
  2. Fever
  3. Vomiting
  4. Slight hearing loss
  5. Lack of energy
20
Q

What are the treatment options of Otitis media?

A
  1. Self Limiting
  2. Can use pain relief for pain
  3. Amoxicillin if severe
21
Q

What is phaynxgitis?

A

When the throat gets inflamed

22
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A

When the tonsils get inflamed

23
Q

What is the treatment option for bacterial infection of tonsillitis?

A
  1. Phenoxymethlylpenicillin
  2. Painkillers
  3. Gargling fluids
24
Q

What is a cold and how is it caused?

A
  1. Upper respiratory tract infection

2. Caused by Rhinovirus, coronavirus and respiratory syncytial virus

25
Q

What are the symptoms of a cold?

A
  1. Sneezing
  2. Nasal congestion
  3. Sore throat
  4. Watery eyes
26
Q

What are the treatment options available for a cure?

A
  1. Painkillers
  2. Nasal decongestants (pseudoephedrine)
  3. Care advice
27
Q

What are the causes of influenza virus and what are the symptoms?

A
  1. Influenza virus A,B or C
  2. Symptoms:
    - Fever
    - Shivers
    - Sweating
    - Cough
    - Tiredness
    - Muscle Aches
    - Diarrhoea
    - Sore throat
    - Runny and blocked nose
    - Sneezing
    - Lost of appetite
    - Sleeping problems
28
Q

What are the treatment options and prevention options of influenza?

A
  1. Usually self limiting
  2. GP can prescribe anti-viral drugs for risk group patients:
    - Zanamivir
    - Oseltamivir
  3. Vaccination Flu gabs
29
Q

What is pneumonia and how is it caused?

A
  1. Common respiratory infection
  2. Caused by many causative causes
    - Bacteria such as Pneumococcal
30
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A
  1. Cough
  2. Breathing difficulty
  3. Fever
  4. Lost of appetite
  5. Feeling generally unwell
  6. Shivering
  7. Chest Pains
31
Q

What are the treatment options of pneumonia?

A
  1. Depends whether its community or hospital acquired
  2. Oral anti-biotics such as amoxicillin
  3. IV antibiotics for more severe
32
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

Fungal infection also known as Thrush that’s common and caused by C.albicans

33
Q

What are the symptoms and treatment options for vaginal thrush?

A
  1. Curd like plaques, creamy, itchy, painful
  2. Clotrimazole (500mg) or topical treatments like Canesten
  3. Fluconazole oral
34
Q

What are the species of fungi that cause tinea?

A
  1. Microsporum

2. Trichophyton (dermatophytes)

35
Q

What are the common symptoms that are present in tinea?

A
  1. Redness
  2. Itchy patches that are normally not painful
  3. Nail discolouration and thickening of skin
  4. Hair loss and scarring
36
Q

What is each site where tinea occur specifically called?

A
  1. Tinea captis (head and trunk)
  2. Tinea (trunk lesions
  3. Tinea pedis (ATHELETES FOOT)
37
Q

What are the treatment options for tinea?

A
  1. Head and scalp: Systemic griseofulvin and topical
  2. Topical imidazoles: Clotrimazole
    Optional terbinafine or griseofulvin
38
Q

What are the common treatments of headlice?

A
  1. Dimeticone liquid or lotion

2. Wet combing

39
Q

What is scabies and what is the common treatment?

A
  1. Common skin parasite

2. Permethrin

40
Q

What are roundworms caused by and how?

A
  1. Ascaricides

2. Infections common where sanitation is poor and human faeces are used as fertiliser

41
Q

What are the symptoms of roundworms?

A
  1. Asymptomatic at larval stages
  2. Can cause nutrition deficiency, enlargement of liver, spleen, pneumonia
  3. Visceral damage, peritonitis, and inflammation
42
Q

What is the treatment option for round worms?

A

Mebendazole

PM2A: Molecules and medicines (22 decks)

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