Alkaline Earth Metals: Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry 4 Flashcards
What are the alkaline earth metals?
- Group 2 in the periodic table
- Beryllium (Be)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Calcium (Ca)
- Barium (Ba)
- S block metals, 2 electrons in their outer shell
As you go down the periodic table, what happens to the atomic radius in alkaline earth metals?
Increases as you go down the periodic table
As you go down the periodic table, what happens to the ionic radius in alkaline earth metals?
Increases as you go down the periodic table
As you go down the periodic table, what happens to the ionisation energy in alkaline earth metals?
Decreases as you go down the periodic table
As you go down the periodic table, what happens to the electronegativity energy in alkaline earth metals?
Decreases as you go down the periodic table
Describe the clinical uses of Beryllium and the side effects from contact with it?
- Very toxic and inhalation is too, contact with skin is too
- Used in nuclear history
- Metal workers and family often feel fatigue, chest pain, cough
- Exposure and risk can be managed
Give the clinical use of magnesium salt?
- Magnesium salts have a laxative effect
- Milk of magnesia: Mg (OH)2 acts as a mild base and commonly used as an antacid
- Mg2+ has a diagonal relationship to Li+
What is the purpose of Mg2+ in the body?
- Co factor in enzymatic process
- Signalling
- Nucleic acid biochemistry: working on DNA and manipulating ATP
- Redox center (chlorophyll)
Explain how magnesium works in the body?
- 12g in bones and 12g in skin and tissue
- Doesn’t absorb well in ileum or colon
- Kidney failure leads to hypermagnesaemia as kidneys fail to excrete magnesium
- Leads to muscle weakness and arrhythmia
- Strange condition - Hypomagnesaemia
- Followed by GI tract loss
- Alcoholism
- Drugs
- Quickly followed by hypocalcaemia and hypoglycaemia
Give some clinical uses of magnesium and its interactions?
- Mg2+
- antacid preparation - Administration: orally or IV
- Interactions:
- ACE inhibits
- Pencillamine
- Aspirin
- Certain antibiotics - Always take full drug history
What is the biological role of calcium?
- Most abundent inorganic ion in the body
- Roles:
- Muscle contraction of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle
- Controlling opening and closing of ion channels- intracellular gradient
- Critical factor in life determining biological processes (endocrine, neurotransmitter release)
What are bones and teeth formed out of?
Hydroxyapapitite
Explain how calcium homeostasis works?
- Calcium supplement is taken into the body
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH)- stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption
- Parathyroid hormone stimulates 1.25 (OH)2 (vitamin D precursor) to maintain calcium levels in the body
Explain how calcium is regulated in the body?.
- Regulated through the gut, skeleton and kidneys
- Homeostasis is in equilibrium (goes in and goes out)
- Regulated by PTH and sexual hormones, growth factor etc
- Medication and physical activity can influence Ca2+ levels
What is the average amount of calcium that should be taken in one day?
600mg/d
