Infections in the healthcare setting

Question 1

How many healthcare associated infections a year?

Answer 1

300,000

£1 billion

Question 2

Main targets in healthcare settings

Answer 2

MRSA bacteriaemia

C. difficile

Question 3

Most HCAIs

Answer 3

MRSA, VRE, multidrug resistance

Question 4

Usually infections include

Answer 4

Respiratory
UTIs
Surgical infections
GI infections 
Blood infections

Question 5

Common respiratory infection

Answer 5

Caused by ICUs which leads to ventilator associated pneumonia
Caused by gram negative bacilli such as p. aeruginosa, enterobacteriaceae and MRSA
Post surgical infections: S. epidermis, S. aureus and H. influenzae

Question 6

UTIs

Answer 6

40% of HCAIs and the majority of them are catheter associated
Urine is a rich biological medium

Question 7

What causes UTIs?

Answer 7

Enterobacteriaecae
P. mirabilus
Klebsiella
Citrobacter spp
Enterobacter spp
E.coli

Question 8

Surgical site infections

Answer 8

Very common
S. aureus and s. epidermis
Can get bacteriaemia and necrosis

Question 9

Bloodstream infections

Answer 9

S. epidermis, S. aureus, Candida spp and enterococci

Question 10

GIs

Answer 10

GI infections caused by C. difficile and norovirus

Question 11

MRSA

Answer 11

Produces B lactamase

Acquisition by sCCmecA

Question 12

C. difficile

Answer 12

Obligate anaerobe that produces 2 toxins
Makes spores
Arises when our normal gut flora is depleted by antibiotics
Clindamycin, 3G cephalosporins and fluoroquinones causes CDI
Piperalintazobactam has less on an effect

Question 13

Stewardship

Answer 13

Set of strategies