Bone and joint diseases

Question 1

Usual causative agents

Answer 1

Streptococcus pyogenes

Staph aureus

Question 2

Osteomyelitis

Answer 2

Bone infection
Most common cause = staph aureus haemotogenous infection
Can be caused by gram negative rods and anaerobes
Acute osteomyelitis = growing end of the long bone = where sprouting capillary loops adjacent to epiphysical growth plates promote the localisation of circulating bacteria = disease of children
Painful, tender bone lesion and febrile illness
Treatment is usually done using cloxacillin

Question 3

Rare causative agents of osteomyelitis

Answer 3

M. tuberculosis
Actinomyces israeli
Kingella kingae (in the pelvis)
T. pallidum in the spine

Question 4

Arthritis

Answer 4

swollen, painful joints

Question 5

Causative agents of arthritis

Answer 5

-S.aureus
-Coagulase negative staph
-Salmonella enterica
Haemophilus influenzae
-N. gonorrhoeae
-S. pyogenes (Rheumatic fever)

Question 6

Dental caries

Answer 6

polymicrobial with strep mutans playing a key role in making biofilms

Question 7

Gingivitis

Answer 7

Superficial and leads to peridontis

Question 8

Abscesses

Answer 8

Ludwigs angina
Severe pain in jaw
Caused by actinomyces