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Development > Infections in pregnancy > Flashcards

Infections in pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

How can infection spread to baby?

A

Placenta
Vagina
Breast milk

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2
Q

Infections through breast milk

A

CMV, HIV, HTLV-1

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3
Q

Screening tests for women

A

UTIs
Hep B
HIV
Syphylis

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4
Q

How does hep B affect the liver?

A

Healthy liver -> chronic hepatitis -> cirrhosis -> hepatocellular carcinoma

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5
Q

treatment for baby when mum has hep b

A

Post-exposure immunisation (dose 1 within 12h of birth)

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6
Q

How does HIV pass to baby?

A

Placenta/birth/milk

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7
Q

Intervention if mum is HIV +ve

A

ART for mum, PEP for baby

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8
Q

What is syphilis?

A

STD from treponema pallidum from placenta/delivery

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9
Q

Sx of syphilis in baby

A

LBW, anaemia, skin shedding, skeletal abnormalities, anal fissures, Hutchinson’s teeth

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10
Q

Treatment for baby if mum syphilis +ve

A

1-3 dose IM penicillin

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11
Q

Chlamydia infection

A

Intracellular bacteria (trachomatis) infects baby in birth canal

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12
Q

Sx chlamydia infection in mum

A

Neonatal pneumponia and conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Which infections are women vaccinated against?

A

Flu and pertussis

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14
Q

TORCH screening

A
  • Toxoplasmosis: protozoa, mother generally asymptomatic, chance of foetal infection depends on trimester, baby sx (convulsions microcephaly, retinitis, learning difficulties)
  • Other: VZV, parvovirus B19
  • Rubella
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • HSV
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15
Q

Toxoplasmosis infection

A

TP lives in animals and reproduces in cat gut

Pregnant women should avoid raw meat/unpasteurised dairy

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16
Q

Treatment for TP infection in mum

A

Serological and PCR studies on maternal blood, treatment with spiramycin

17
Q

Varicella zoster virus

A

Chicken pox and shingles

18
Q

Managing maternal VZV infection

A

Serology studies +/- VZV IGs

Mum needs acyclovir and delayed delivery so ABs pass to baby

19
Q

Congenital varicella syndrome

A

If mum has chicken pox in T1 or T2 = scarring on limbs, brain, eyes, LBW

20
Q

Neonatal NZN

A

Infection from 5 days pre-delivery to 2 days post

21
Q

Why can we not vaccinate against VZV and rubella in pregnancy?

A

Live-attenuated so contra-indicated in pregnancy

22
Q

Sx parvo b19

A

Slapped cheek/fifth disease

Mum has flu symptoms +/- rash

23
Q

Treatment for Parvo b19 in pregnancy

A

None - do regular serum studies and ultrasounds

24
Q

How does rubella spread?

A

Aerosolised droplets - causes flu symptoms with a rash

25
Q

Symptoms of maternal rubella infection

A

<16 weeks = miscarriage or severe disease
16-20 weeks = minimal risk of deafness only
>20 weeks is not documented
Sx: sensorineural deafness, cataracts, heart defects, hepatomegaly, disabilities, LBW

26
Q

Cytomegalovirus infection sx

A

IUGR, hydrops fatalis, microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, hearing/vision loss

27
Q

Managing maternal cytomegalovirus infection

A

Termination offered/antiviral agents like ganciclovir

28
Q

Treatment for maternal HSV infection

A

Acyclovir

29
Q

Sx of Zika virus for baby

A

Microcephaly

30
Q

Neonatal sepsis

A

Early onset is <72h and late is >72h
Early is caused by group B strep and e.coli
Late I caused by staph and enterobacters

31
Q

Sx neonatal sepsis

A

Altered temperature, raised RR, lethargy, poor feeding, quick deterioration

32
Q

How do you treat neonatal sepsis?

A

ABx

33
Q

How do you culture and treat neonatal sepsis

A
  • Within 1h
  • FBC, U and E, CRP
  • Gas
  • Urinalysis
  • Urine culture and PCR
  • Eye swabs
  • Bloods
  • CXR
  • CSF
  • ABx
34
Q

Group B strep

A

Normal in gut and GIT but causes neonatal sepsis/pneumonia/meningitis
Sx include cerebral palsy if untreated

35
Q

Listeria infection sx

A

Fever, aches, vomiting, miscarriage, still birth

36
Q

Pueperal sepsis

A

Puerperium: ROM to day 42

Pueperal sepsis: sepsis mum in puerperium

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