Infections

Question 1

zoonoses definition

Answer 1

human disease with animal reservoir

Question 2

intrinsic versus extrinsic incubation period

Answer 2

intrinsic is how long host is infected before becoming infectious

extrinsic is how long vector is infected before being infectious

Question 3

What are the two classifying characteristics of the Ehrlichia and Anaplasma?

Answer 3

intracellular organisms and zoonotic

Question 4

what cell does ehrlichia chaffeensis infect?

Answer 4

monocytes…called human monocytic ehrlichiosis

Question 5

what transmits ehrlichia chaffeensis?

Answer 5

lone star tick

Question 6

old and new way to diagnose ehrlichia chaffeensis

Answer 6

old is indirect fluorescent assay

new is mainly PCR

Question 7

what cell does anaplasma phagocytophilum infect?

Answer 7

PMNs called human ganulocytic anaplasmosis

Question 8

where is anaplasma found that ehrlichia is not?

Answer 8

in the upper midwest and northeast

Question 9

what are the clinical signs of ehrlichia and anaplasma?

Answer 9

asymptomatics to chronic infection involving multiple organ systems

Question 10

between ehrlichia and anaplasmosis, which is more deadly?

Answer 10

ehrlichia has a higher mortality rate and more intense infection

Question 11

What is the treatment for ehrlichia and anaplasma and why these?

Answer 11

doxycycline and tetracycline and because these are good at getting inside of cells and these two are intracellular infections

Question 12

what is the vector for anaplasma?

Answer 12

deer tick

Question 13

morulae

Answer 13

raspberry appearing formations in monocytes and PMNs infected with ehrlichi and anaplasma respectively

Question 14

what type of organism is babesia microti?

Answer 14

parasite

Question 15

what is the vector and animal reservoir for babesia microti? and location of disease

Answer 15

vector is deer tick and reservoir is white footed mice

northeast and upper midwest

Question 16

symptoms of babesia microti

Answer 16

asymptomatic to flu like illness…hemolysis and dark urine

can be life threatening if patient without spleen of immunocomp

Question 17

smear representation of babesia microti

Answer 17

merozoite tetrads in the red cells

Question 18

other tests besides smear for babesia microti

Answer 18

PCR and serology for antibodies

Question 19

Leishmaniasis parasite infection of what cell?

Answer 19

infects the macrophages

Question 20

leishmanias vector

Answer 20

sand fly

Question 21

where does leishmania mainly occur?

Answer 21

south america, africa, and middle east

Question 22

leishmania clinical presentation

Answer 22

fever, weight loss, anemia, and death within two years untreated

Question 23

how to diagnose leishmania?

Answer 23

on smear macrophages will have amastigotes that have a nucleus and a little kinetoplast…must have the nucleus and the kinetoplast

Question 24

african trypanosomiasis disease name, vector and organism

Answer 24

sleeping sickness, tsetse fly, T brucei

Question 25

american trypanosomiasis disease name, vector and organism

Answer 25

Chagas disease, kissing bug, T cruzi

Question 26

How to T cruzi or chagas disease get transmitted?

Answer 26

the T cruzi organism bites then poops and infectious agent is in the poop

Question 27

clinical signs of chagas disease and what causes death with chagas disease?

Answer 27

asymptomatic or flu like
Classic ROmanas sign with eye swelling where poop rubbed into eye

chronis infection can lead to myocarditis that kills

Question 28

diagnosis of chagas disease

Answer 28

peripheral smear should show extracellular trypomastigotes and bone marrow aspirate shows intracellular amastigotes but they DO NOT have the kinetoplast like the lesihmania