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MSK > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

if you can see bone and there is signs of infection what is it?

A

Osteomyelitis

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2
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

inflammation of bone and medullary cavity, usually located in one of the long bones

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3
Q

Treatment of infection

A

Debridement

Antimicrobial

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4
Q

if chronic symptoms

A

Wait till you have had biopsy, blood and then treat

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5
Q

Retroscective data

A

group of people and gather data now in terms of what has happened to them in terms of treatment

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6
Q

What organisms are diabetic foot ulcers caused by?

A

Staph aureus
Streptococcus spp
Enterococcus spp

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7
Q

What should you avoid (unless your patient is septic)

A

EMPIRIC ANTIMICROBIAL

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8
Q

What do coat negative staph love

A

plastic/metal

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9
Q

Staphlococcus

A

aerobic
prodcuces enzyme inc coagulase
some strains produce toxins inc enterotoxin, SSST, PVL

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10
Q

If true penicillin allergy ( therefore can’t give fluclox) then what do you give?

A

Vancomycin

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11
Q

What is key with open fractures?

A

Early management is key (aggressive debridement, fixation and soft tissue cover)

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12
Q

A swab is not helpful unless..

A

you are asking a specific clinical question

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13
Q

What is the classic infection that causes sinuses of the bone

A

TB

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14
Q

What is the GOLD standard in haematogenous osteomyelitis

A

Bone biopsy

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15
Q

Who is haematogenous osteomyelitis common in?

A

Prepubertal children
PWID
Central lines/ dialysis, elderly

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16
Q

What is the epidermiology of PWID haematogenous osteomyelitis

A

Contiguous
Haematogenous
Direct innoculation

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17
Q

What is the cause of osteomyelitis pubis

A

urogynae procedures

18
Q

What organisms - sickle cell osteomyelitis

A

Stpahlococcus aureus

salmonella

19
Q

What is Gaucher’s disease

A

lysosomal storage disease

20
Q

SAPHO and CRMO

A 
Synovitis
Acne
Pustulosis
Hyperostosis
Ostteitis

Chronic
Recurrent
Multifocal
Osteomyelitis

21
Q

What is the risk factors for clavicle osteomyelitis

A

Neck surgery

subclavian vein catheterisation an

22
Q

Vertebral osteomyelitis

A

Staph aureus

can be TB

23
Q

How can you be sure of verebral osteomyelitis

A

MRI

24
Q

What is the treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis

A

Drainage of large paravertebral/epidural accesses
Antimicrobials for 6 weeks minimum
MRI increased if inc pain, increase in inflammatory markers or new anatomical signs

25
Q 
Skeletal tuberculosis (Pott's disease)
Who gets it and what are the symptoms?
A

Often systemic symptoms

Vets
people who drink unpasteurised milk

26
Q

Planktonic bacteria

A

Bacteraemia

27
Q

Sessile bacteria

A

Phenotypic transformation of planktonic bacteria
Biofilm
Extracellular matrix

28
Q

What does rifampicin do?

A

Helps to penetrate the biofilm ( only used alongside another treatment as risk of mutation too high)

29
Q

in diagnosis of prosthetic joints

A

Culture-perioperative tissues
Blood culture
CRP
Rdiology

30
Q

What is the ideal treatment of prosthesis infection

A

Remove prosthesis and cement

31
Q

In people who are sexually active remember the organism

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

32
Q

What is the initial treatment if coagulase negative staphlococci

A

Vancomycin

33
Q

What mimics septic arthritis?

A

Pseudogout

34
Q

What is septic arthritis

A

Inflammation of the joint space caused by infection

35
Q

What are the bacterial causes of septic arthritis

A 
Staph aureus
Streptococci
Coag negative staph;ococci- prosthetic joins
Neisseria gonorrhoea- sexually active
Haemophilus influenza- pre-school
36
Q

How do you diagnose septic arthris

A

Clinical picture- severe pain, red, swollen plus limited movement
Joint fluid- microscopy, C and S
Blood culture if pyritical
Exclude crystals

37
Q

If treating septic arthritis with fluclox and the patient is less than 5 years old what other antibiotic do you add and why?

A

Ceftriaxone - for H influenza cover

38
Q

Pyomyositis

A

Clostridial infection in contaminated wounds

soem site specific

39
Q

Tetanus

A 
gram +
Strictly anaerobic rods
forms spores ( which are found in soil)
can have muscle spasms from stimulation such as noise or bright lights
clinical-spastic paralysis
40
Q

What is the treatment of tetnus

A

surgical debridement
antitoxins

Prevent by routine vaccination

41
Q

What are the three causes of myositis

A

Viral
Protozoa
Fungal

MSK (11 decks)

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