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MSK > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscles are

A

striated, unbranched and multinucleate

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2
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle

A

epimysium

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3
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue around a single fascile

A

Perimysium

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4
Q

What is the name of he connective tissue around a single muscle fibre?

A

endomysium

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5
Q

What are sarcomeres

A

The unit of contraction of the muscle cell ( the smallest contractile elements the striated muscle cell)

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6
Q

Why is dark meat dark?

A

it has more muscle

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7
Q

The fibres in a motor unit are scattered in the muscle ( not bunched together) and are all of the same fibre type. T/F

A

T

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8
Q

Describe cartilage

A

Semi-regid and deformable
Permeable
Avascular
Cells nourished by diffusion through the extracellular matrix

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9
Q

Describe BONE

A

rigid
non permeable
Cells within the bone must be nourished by blood vessels that pervade the tissue

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10
Q

What are the cells found within cartilage called

A

Chondrocytes (chondroblasts when immature)

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11
Q

Where do the chondrocytes live

A

within a space in the extravascular matrix termed the lacuna - cartilage

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12
Q

What is the most common form of cartilage

A

ECM

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13
Q

What is the mot common cause of cartilage found in connective tissues

A

Type 1

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14
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Blue-white in colour and translucent

Most common form of cartilage

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15
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Light yellow in colour

quite flexible

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16
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Hybrid between tendon and byline cartilage
Bands of densely packed type 1 cartilage interleaved with rows of chondrocytes, surrounded by small amounts of cartilaginous ECM
Tens to appear white

17
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A 
Articular surfaces
tracheal rings
Costal cartilage
Epiphyseal growth plates
Precursor in fetes to many bones
18
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A 
To provide-
support
levers 
protection of organs
calcium store (95% of total calcium)
Haemopoiesis
19
Q

In utero where is blood produced

A

liver and spleen (begins in bone marrow well before birth)

20
Q

An outer shell of dense ___ bone makes up the shaft (____)

A

cortical bone

diaphysis

21
Q

____ or _____ bone occupies the ends of the bone ( the ____)

A

Cancellous
trabecular

epiphyses

22
Q

what bone looks like an aero bar?

A

cancellous

23
Q

What is the main difference between the bone cells and matrix in compact and trabecular bone

A

the presence of spaces ( marrow cavities) adjacent to trabecular bone

24
Q

What does lamella mean?

A

Made up of layers

25
Q

What are the living cells contained within bone called

A

osteocytes

26
Q

What are the lines that are visible surrounding the osteon called?

A

Cement lines ( only present in osteons that are formed during remodelling)

27
Q

What does trabecular bone lack and why?

A

lack Haversian canals

( because the struts are thin, the osteocytes can survive from contact with the marrow spaces

28
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells

A

Located on bone surfaces, for example under the periosteum, these cells serve as a pool for reserve osteoblasts

29
Q

What are osteoblasts

A

bone forming cells found on the surface of developing bone. They have plentiful RER and prominent mitochondria

30
Q

What are osteocytes

A

a bone trapped within a bone matrix

31
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

large multinucleate cells. They are found on the surface of bone and are responsible for bone reabsoption

32
Q

Describe the process of remodelling?

A

A number of osteoclasts will congregate and begin to “drill” into the bone, forming a tunnel. A blood vessel will grow into the tunnel bring with it osteoblasts which line the tunnel and beginning down new lamellar bone. This process continues until only the space of Haversian canal remains

33
Q

What is the BMU

A

Basic multicellular unit

- the collection of osteoclasts and osteoblasts that participate in remodelling

34
Q

What do the osteoblasts secrete?

A

Collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans and other organic components of the matrix (collectively termed osteoid)

MSK (11 decks)

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