Histology

Question 1

Skeletal muscles are

Answer 1

striated, unbranched and multinucleate

Question 2

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle

Answer 2

epimysium

Question 3

What is the name of the connective tissue around a single fascile

Answer 3

Perimysium

Question 4

What is the name of he connective tissue around a single muscle fibre?

Answer 4

endomysium

Question 5

What are sarcomeres

Answer 5

The unit of contraction of the muscle cell ( the smallest contractile elements the striated muscle cell)

Question 6

Why is dark meat dark?

Answer 6

it has more muscle

Question 7

The fibres in a motor unit are scattered in the muscle ( not bunched together) and are all of the same fibre type. T/F

Answer 7

T

Question 8

Describe cartilage

Answer 8

Semi-regid and deformable
Permeable
Avascular
Cells nourished by diffusion through the extracellular matrix

Question 9

Describe BONE

Answer 9

rigid
non permeable
Cells within the bone must be nourished by blood vessels that pervade the tissue

Question 10

What are the cells found within cartilage called

Answer 10

Chondrocytes (chondroblasts when immature)

Question 11

Where do the chondrocytes live

Answer 11

within a space in the extravascular matrix termed the lacuna - cartilage

Question 12

What is the most common form of cartilage

Answer 12

ECM

Question 13

What is the mot common cause of cartilage found in connective tissues

Answer 13

Type 1

Question 14

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 14

Blue-white in colour and translucent

Most common form of cartilage

Question 15

Elastic cartilage

Answer 15

Light yellow in colour

quite flexible

Question 16

Fibrocartilage

Answer 16

Hybrid between tendon and byline cartilage
Bands of densely packed type 1 cartilage interleaved with rows of chondrocytes, surrounded by small amounts of cartilaginous ECM
Tens to appear white

Question 17

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 17

Articular surfaces
tracheal rings
Costal cartilage
Epiphyseal growth plates
Precursor in fetes to many bones

Question 18

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 18

To provide-
support
levers 
protection of organs
calcium store (95% of total calcium)
Haemopoiesis

Question 19

In utero where is blood produced

Answer 19

liver and spleen (begins in bone marrow well before birth)

Question 20

An outer shell of dense ___ bone makes up the shaft (____)

Answer 20

cortical bone

diaphysis

Question 21

____ or _____ bone occupies the ends of the bone ( the ____)

Answer 21

Cancellous
trabecular

epiphyses

Question 22

what bone looks like an aero bar?

Answer 22

cancellous

Question 23

What is the main difference between the bone cells and matrix in compact and trabecular bone

Answer 23

the presence of spaces ( marrow cavities) adjacent to trabecular bone

Question 24

What does lamella mean?

Answer 24

Made up of layers

Question 25

What are the living cells contained within bone called

Answer 25

osteocytes

Question 26

What are the lines that are visible surrounding the osteon called?

Answer 26

Cement lines ( only present in osteons that are formed during remodelling)

Question 27

What does trabecular bone lack and why?

Answer 27

lack Haversian canals | ( because the struts are thin, the osteocytes can survive from contact with the marrow spaces

Question 28

What are osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 28

Located on bone surfaces, for example under the periosteum, these cells serve as a pool for reserve osteoblasts

Question 29

What are osteoblasts

Answer 29

bone forming cells found on the surface of developing bone. They have plentiful RER and prominent mitochondria

Question 30

What are osteocytes

Answer 30

a bone trapped within a bone matrix

Question 31

What are osteoclasts?

Answer 31

large multinucleate cells. They are found on the surface of bone and are responsible for bone reabsoption

Question 32

Describe the process of remodelling?

Answer 32

A number of osteoclasts will congregate and begin to "drill" into the bone, forming a tunnel. A blood vessel will grow into the tunnel bring with it osteoblasts which line the tunnel and beginning down new lamellar bone. This process continues until only the space of Haversian canal remains

Question 33

What is the BMU

Answer 33

Basic multicellular unit | - the collection of osteoclasts and osteoblasts that participate in remodelling

Question 34

What do the osteoblasts secrete?

Answer 34

Collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans and other organic components of the matrix (collectively termed osteoid)