Infections Flashcards
Penicillins - Beta lactam
Antibiotics
Amoxicillin, Co-amoxiclav, Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Tazocin), Flucloxacillin,
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
MoA:
Beta-lactam: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
Indication:
Respiratory infection, pneumonia, H pylori
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Rash, hypersensitivity
Warfarin, methotrexate
Carbapenem - Beta lactam
Antibiotics
Meropenem
MoA:
Beta-lactam: Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
Indication:
Meningitis, hospital-acquired septicaemia
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Abdominal pain, pruritus
Cephalosporins - Beta lactam
Antibiotics
Ceftriaxone
MoA:
Beta-lactam Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
Indication:
Gram-negative infections (third generation), meningitis
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
GI disturbances, colitis
Warfarin
Antifolate antibiotic
Antibiotics
Trimethoprim
MoA:
Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase
Indication:
UTI
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Rash, GI disturbances
Methotrexate
Fluoroquinolones
Antibiotics
Ciprofloxacin
MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase
Indication:
Respiratory tract infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea, convulsions
Iron salts, NSAIDs
Macrolide antibiotic
Antibiotics
Erythromycin, Azithromycin
MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Indication:
Pneumonia
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
GI disturbance, headache
Digoxin, theophylline, statins
Tetracycline antibiotic
Antibiotics
Doxycycline
MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Indication:
Community-acquired pneumonia
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nitrofuran
Antibiotics
Nitrofurantoin
MoA:
Bacterial DNA interference
Indication:
UTI
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Peripheral neuropathy
Aminoglycoside
Antibiotics
Gentamicin
MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Indication:
Ophthalmic infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Glycopeptide
Antibiotics
Vancomycin
MoA:
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria
Indication:
C. difficile infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Neutropenia, renal impairment
Nitroimidazole
(anti-anaerobe agent)
(Antibiotics)
Metronidazole
MoA:
Inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis
Indication:
Anaerobic bacterial infection: leg ulcers, pressure sores
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Antituberculosis drugs
(Used in combination)
(Antibiotics)
Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide
MoA:
Inhibition of mycobacterial cell wall synthesis (Isoniazid, Ethambutol); inhibition of mycobacterial RNA synthesis (Rifampicin)
Indication:
Tuberculosis
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Hepatotoxicity
Therapeutic cytokines
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Interferon alpha
MoA:
Activation of antiviral intracellular and immune responses
Indication:
Hepatitis B and C
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Flu-like symptoms, loss of appetite
DNA polymerase inhibitors
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Aciclovir, Ganciclovir
MoA:
Virus replication blockade via inhibiting viral DNA polymerase
Indication:
Herpes simplex infection
Cytomegalovirus infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea, diarrhoea
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Oseltamivir
MoA:
Prevention of viral budding and infectivity
Indication:
Influenza virus infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea & vomiting
Nucleoside analogues
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Ribavirin
MoA:
Disrupts viral RNA synthesis
Indication:
Hepatitis C, RSV
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
(Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs)
Tenofovir
Efavirenz
MoA:
Blockade of viral reverse transcriptase function essential for viral genetic replication
Indication:
HIV infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Viral protease inhibitors
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Lopinavir
MoA:
Blockade of viral protease required for virus particle assembly
Indication:
HIV infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
GI bleeding
Integrase inhibitors
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Dolutegravir
MoA:
Disrupts integration of HIV genome into host chromosomes
Indication:
HIV infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Viral fusion inhibitors
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Enfuvirtide
MoA:
Blockade of virus fusion to target cell membrane
Indication:
HIV infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Pancreatitis
Chemokine receptor/CCR5 antagonist
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Maraviroc
MoA:
Blockade of HIV binding to co-factor for cell entry
Indication:
HIV infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea, diarrhoea
Triazole anti-fungal agent
Anti-viral & anti-fungal drugs
Fluconazole
MoA:
Disruption of fungal membrane function
Indication:
Candida infection
Adverse Effect/Interaction:
Nausea, abdominal pain
