Infection Control In Healthcare Workers

Question 1

What are three major blood borne infections transmitted through percutaneous injuries

Answer 1

Hep B and C, and HIV

Question 2

Reduce risk of exposing uninfected persons to infectious disease

Answer 2

Administrative controls

Question 3

Prevents diseases transmitted by minute droplet nuclei or contaminated dust particles: includes TB, measles, chickenpox, particles remain in air need private room with door closed

Answer 3

Airborne Isolation

Question 4

What percentage of TB is removed from a room 35 minutes after an infected patient leaves?

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

What percentage of TB is removed from a room 104 minutes after an infected patient leaves?

Answer 5

99.9%

Question 6

Provides better protection than other types and can be used in high risk settings

Answer 6

Powed Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)

Question 7

More comfortable and easier to use because of supplied air

Answer 7

PAPR

Question 8

What is the two step testing method for TB?

Answer 8

If first test positive, consider the person infected

If first test negative, give second test 1-3 weeks later

Question 9

Will not protect against becoming infected with TB

Answer 9

BCG

Question 10

Protects against severe complications of TB disease in young children, but provides little or no protection in adolescents and adults

Answer 10

BCG

Question 11

What is more sensitive, IGRA or TST?

Answer 11

TST

Question 12

Which test is more specific, IGRA or TST?

Answer 12

IGRA

Question 13

Not an ideal biomarker, as it doesn’t differentiate latent TB from an active infection

Answer 13

IGRA

Question 14

Has been the mainstay of treatment for LTBI in the United States for more than 30 years

Answer 14

Isoniazid for 6-12 months

Question 15

The application of isoniazid for LTBI has been limited because of poor adherence due to the relatively long duration of treatment required and because of concerns about

Answer 15

Toxicity

Question 16

Has an incubation 2-10 days

-Presents with Fever, chills, rigors, headache, malaise, sometimes diarrhea

Answer 16

SARS

Question 17

Lower respiratory tract involvement

Answer 17

SARS

Question 18

The peak viral load from SARS in sputum is at about day

Answer 18

10 of symptoms

Question 19

What is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis?

Answer 19

Neisseria Meningitidis

Question 20

Transmitted by direct contact with respiratory droplets

-Case fatality rate is 10-14%

Answer 20

Meningococcal Disease

Question 21

Give to everyone exposed to the case during the 10 days before onset of sx or while case is symptomatic but has not yet started antibiotics

Answer 21

Meningitis Prophylaxis

Question 22

Which prophylactics can be given to adults or children?

Answer 22

Rifampin and Ceftriazone

Question 23

Which prophylactic can be given to Adults only

Answer 23

Cipro

Question 24

Rates of illness are highest in children but rates of serious illness and death are highest in those aged ≥65 or those with chronic medical conditions

Answer 24

Influenza

Question 25

Has subtypes based upon surface antigens hemagglutin (H) and neurominidase(N)

Answer 25

Influenza A

Question 26

Undergoes antigenic drift less rapidly than A, but both can mutate and cause serious illness

Answer 26

Influenza B

Question 27

Abrupt onset (Incubation 1-3 days)constitutional and resp sx (headaches), malaise, cough, sore throat, rhinitis, muscle aches, and diarrhe

Answer 27

Influenza

Question 28

Adults infectious from the day before symptoms through 5 days after, children infectious for at least 10 days

Answer 28

Influenza

Question 29

CDC recommends that all persons 6 months or older should receive the

Answer 29

Influenza vaccine

Question 30

Administer 2 doses at least 4 weeks apart for children ages 6 months through 8 years only if they never received a vaccine

Answer 30

Influenza vaccine

Question 31

A high dose vaccine is available for patients over the age of 65

Answer 31

Fluzone

Question 32

Only effective against Influenza A

-May be used for chemoprophylaxis

Answer 32

Amantadine and Rimantadine

Question 33

Shown by RCT to be effective in treating Influenza A and B infections

Answer 33

Zanamivir and Oseltamivir

Question 34

The bird flu is a form of

Answer 34

Influenza A

Question 35

How effective is the mumps vaccine?

Answer 35

88%

Question 36

Common in dentists and anesthesiologists

Answer 36

Herpetic Whitlow

Question 37

Found in glove boxes in rooms where patients who were culture positive even after patient discharged

Answer 37

Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus (MRSA)

Question 38

Can grow on unwashed hands of medical personnel for over 1 hour

Answer 38

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE)

Question 39

Transmitted by blood or body fluids and close personal contact. Also by infected animals

Answer 39

EBOLA

Question 40

Harbors high concentrations of coag neg staph, gram neg rods (including pseudomonas) cornybacterium yeasts

Answer 40

Subungual areas of hand